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Press translations [Japan]. Social Series 0167, 1946-01-14.
translation-number: social-0754
call-number: DS801 .S84
GENERAL HEADQUARTERS
SUPREME COMMANDER FOR THE ALLIED POWERS
ALLIED TRANSLATOR AND INTERPRETER SECTION
PRESS TRANSLATIONS
No. 754 Date: 14 Jan 46
SOCIAL SERIES: 167
ITEM 1 Democratization of Schools in Hyogo Ken Provincial Newspaper Kobe Shimbun (Kobe)
10 Jan 46. Translator: M. Ohno.
Full Translation:
Many middle schools were changed into technical schools and girls' schools into commercial
schools during the war. Following the more to democratize education, a desire to do
away
with the changes made during the war has been aroused in HYOGO-Ken.
The HOKUSHIN Technical School, the HOTOKU Technical School, and the NISHIYA Municipal
Technical School, wish to revert to their former status as commercial schools; the
NISHIWAKI
Girls' Commercial School, the OGIMINATO Girls' Commercial School, the YAMANOTE Girls'
Commercial School, and the SUMAMUTSU Girls' Commercial School wish to become ordinary
girls'
schools again.
There are also several other schools which wish to revert to their former status.
The prefectural schools have so far shown no wish to do so, but the private schools
are very much
in favor of the change. Consequently, HYOGO Ken authorities are taking steps to meet
the situation.
In the opinion of the prefectural authorities, pupils in the first or second grades
in the converted schools will be able to start their new lessons as before. The immediate
conversion of lessons for pupils who would expect to graduate from grade school this
spring, will be impossible because the pupils' ability is not sufficiently high, but
when these
pupils have graduated, the change can be effected in full.
In the meantime, special supplementary courses to meet the lowered standards of knowledge
are requested by ten girls' schools. Requests to increase the number of pupils in
a class
are coming in from provincial middle schools.
HYOGO Ken authorities have decided to apply to the Education ministry for a solution
to these problems.
ITEM 2 The Outlook of the Japanese Cultural World Provincial Newspaper Kochi Shimbun
(Kochi) 7 Jan 46. Translator: C. Gilbert.
Summary:
Freed from suppression and regaining freedom of expression, the various Japanese
cultural organs may find themselves, for a transitory period, in confusion. However,
their common
struggle for democracy should in the end point out the road for a cultural reconstruction
of JAPAN. At present, the following civil cultural organs are discernible:
SOCIAL SERIES: 167 (Continued)
ITEM 2 (Continued)
| The Japanese Cultural Union (NIHON BUNKAJINRENMEI) is a union formed in the middle, of last November. Its purpose is to assist in the cultural reconstruction of a peaceful and democratic JAPAN. It has sections on thought, natural sciences, and arts, headed by MORITO, Tatsuo, OGURA, Kinnosuke, and ARAI, Kaku, respectively. They intend to hold lecture meetings for teachers and students and also public lectures on social thought. Its organ (magazine) is "Cultured People" (BUNKAJIN). |
| The Free Speech Society (JIYU KONWAKAI) is a non-party cultural organ, which has at present 300 members. They are going to start publishing a magazine, "Free Speech Society" this month. The Society was formed in October of last year and held in November a memorial meeting for the Japanese victims of fascism. They also held research meetings in December on the subjects of control economics, revision of the Constitution, the Emperor system, and the democratization of education. The Society is at present endeavoring to establish branch societies. |
| The Japanese Literary Society (NIHON BUNGEIKA KYOKAI) publishes a magazine, "Literary Congress". The presidents of the Society are KIKUCHI, Kan, and FUEABASHI, Seiichi. The Society endeavors to offer protection to its members through consumers co-operatives. Its purpose is to effect a union of writers. |
| The Single Purpose Society (DOSHINKAI) is a group of more than 20 writers affiliated with the IWANAMI Publishing Company. Their magazine in called "World" (SEKAl). They plan to hold lectures and exhibitions. |
| The New JAPAN Cultural Union (SHINNIHON KENSETSU RENMEI) has six sections. Chief of the sections are: thought, YAMANAKA, Sakai: religion NAGATA, Tsuneo; education, MURAKAMI, Bantaro; science, ISHIDA, Shuzo; literature, MAKIYA, Zeuzo; music, TSUKATANI, Akihiro. It has held public lectures since November of last year and attacked propaganda agents and questionable Shinto sects. It intends to bring out a magazine "Culture (BUNKA) starting this month. |
| The New JAPAN Literary Society (SHIN[illegible]IHON BUNGAKU KAI) is composed of proletarian writers. They attack reactionary writers. The leaders of the society are KURAHARA, Ijin; NAKANO, Juji: TSUBOI, Shigeji; TOKUNAGA, Choku. They are going to publish a magazine, "Now Japanese Literature" (SHIN[illegible]IHON BUNGAKU) starting this month. They intend to form a democratic cultural union with a democratic scientific society and progressive bodies of the theatrical and educational world. They will issue jointly a magazine called, "People's Flag" (MINSHU NO HAT A). |
| Popular Front Cultural Union (JINMIN BUNKA DOMEI) is composed of old-time proletarian critics and writers of the Japanese "Popular Front" under the leadership of NAKANISHI, Inosuke. It was established in December of last year. It intends to publish a magazine, hold public lectures throughout JAPAN, end form an itinerant popular front theater. |
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SOCIAL SERIES: 167 (Continued)
ITEM 3 Tokyo District Public Prosecutors Office Reopens - Tokyo Shimbun 12 Jan 46.
Translator: T. Ogawa.
Summary:
In view of the recent increase in crimes such as burglaries and murders as well as
the social unrest following the termination of the war, the TOKYO District Public
Prosecutors
Office has renewed its operations since the beginning of the New Year. With this new
set-up a new start has already been made under the leadership of Chief Public Prosecuter
KINOSHITA to wipe out the current social unrest and to assure a complete round-up
to implement the return of peace and order.
Under this new set-up the three departments have been abolished and replaced by the
following five new departments, namely, the 1st, 2nd, 3rd Departments, the Guidance
Department
and the Protection Department. The duties to be performed by those five new departments
are as follows:
The 1st Department, with Public Prosecuter IMOTO as its head, takes charge of criminal
cases; the 2nd Department, with Public Prosecutor-OSABE as its head, takes charge
of
economics affairs and other problems concerning public life; the 3rd Department, with
Public Prosecutor YANAGAWA as its head, takes charge of public relations; the Guidance
Department, with Public Prosectuor TSURUTA as its head, takes charge of such matters
as probation, education and the training of judicial police officers, judicial clerks,
and
employees. The Protection Department with Assistant Chief Public Prosecutor YUDA as
its heed, takes charge of judicial protection and juvenile affairs. Between three
and fifteen
public prosecutors on its staff, each department is already functioning.
The 3rd Department has just been established in view of the new situation. This Department
is taking charge of affairs concerning the Occupation Forces, settlement of problems
concerning Formosans and Koreans, and is keeping in close contact with the American
Military Police authorities. The First and the Guidance Departments are spurring on
the
Metropolitan Police Board giving them the necessary guidance for investigating crimes,
by dispatching public prosecutors to the police station governing the district in
which the
crime has occured.
On the other hand, the other two departments are educating newly appointed chiefs
of the judical and the economic sections of each police station by means of training
courses or
short lecture courses. Guidance is given by groups of public prosecutors who travel
around and instruct the policemen of each police station in the principles of searching,
questioning suspicious persons, inspecting automobiles, etc.
It is learned that local public prosecutors offices and other district public prosecutors
offices throughout the country are making changes in their set-ups along similar
lines.
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