Press translations [Japan]. Social Series 0114, 1945-12-23.
Date23 December, 1945
RepositoryRauner Special Collections Library, Dartmouth College.
Call Numbersocial-0478
Call NumberDS801 .S84
Persistent Identifier
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SOCIAL SERIES: 114
ITEM 1 Keisei Electric Railroad Employees' Participation in Railroad Management -
Mainichi Shimbun - 2l
Dec 45. Translator: K. Minagi.
Summary:
The KEISEI Electric Railroad Labor Union, which has demanded a five-fold increase
in wages, adopted the new stratagem of
taking their wages from the fares which they collect.
Under this new system of conducting a strike, the efficiency of rail transportation
is improving remarkably because of the
efficient handling of trains by the 2300 employees.
The demand for a five-fold increase in wages is by no means excessive, according
to Mr. KATO, Kenichi, chief of the Labor
Union. He said that the daily wages of the employees is much too low. A man who gets
two yen per day, for instance, would got
450 per month, including various allowances, if the new rate is granted. This would
mean an actual monthly income of 300 yen
excluding taxes, savings, and insurance fees. The present income amounts only to 60
yen.
The latests efforts of the KEISEI Labor Union to negotiate with leaders of the Company
on 4 December were in vain, and the
employees went on an unusual strike by taking over the entire management of rail transportation,
completing speedy repairs of
20 cars in three days. They intended to show the difference between the efficiency
of the company and their own efficiency.
The repairing of brakes, motors, and windows was completed in three days and nights.
There is no absenteeism, as before. As
the result of this, in addition to the daily regular runs of 13 trains, in rush hours
between UENO and AOTO, there were three
extra trains and two reserves. The shortage of conductors and motormen was made up
by cutting down on holidays. These efforts
of the employees show the possibility of co-operative management by the laborers and
managers. The sum total of the fares
collected from 14 December to 18 December by the strikers was 22,916,90 yen. The monthly
expenditures of the company in wages
was 120,000 yen.
The leaders of the strike stated, "the whole amount of our wages is earned by us
in a half month's time. We cannot see why the
company refuses to comply with our reasonable demands."
ITEM 2 Commercial Schools to be Revived - Mainichi Shimbun - 21 Dec 45. Translator:
T. Ogawa.
Summary:
The unification and readjustment plan of secondary schools will be enforced soon
by the metropolitan authorities. According to
the papers, it has also been planned to restore some commercial schools, which had
been converted into technical schools
during the war.
SOCIAL SERIES: 114 (Continued)
ITEM 2 (Continued)
however, that the plan is drawn up in such a way that the date on which this will
occur is fixed so that applicants may have
plenty of time before submitting their applications. It is also learned that no increase
in the capacities of the schools is
included in the plan.
ITEM 3 Examination Measures for Middle Schools in Tokyo - Asahi Shimbun - 21 Dec 45.
Translator: J.
Kinoshita.
Full Translation:
In addition to an outline of methods to be used in selecting secondary school applicants
in TOKYO for the coming school year
as published on 3 December, the date of selection, details of the selecting method,
and directions for applicants wore made
public by the Metropolitan Office 20 December. There will be only one selection, which
will begin on 5 April. The results will
be published on 10 April. This decision will also apply to every municipal secondary
school in the three neighboring
prefectures, KANAGAWA, SAITAMA, and CHIBA. It also includes the junior course of every
high school under the seven year system
and secondary schools administrated by higher normal schools in the metropolis.
Written applications and school records are to be submitted from 5 to 20 of March.
No changing of schools will be allowed 50
days following the application period. The restriction in choice of schools is abolished
by the removal of the school ward
system. Because of the reduced number of applicants, everyone will be able to enter
any school which is suited to his
ability.
A second selection of applicants will be made if the number of applicants is below
the authorized number. The names of schools
which will select secondary applicants will be published about 2 April. The method
of selection will be based primarily on an
oral examination, but written examinations will also be permitted. The questions asked
in the oral examination are expected to
be simple and easy to understand.
If an applicant's school record is incomplete, this fact should be indicated on his
application. Physical defects are
acceptable if they do not interfere with the applicant's work. Those mho were severely
injured during the war are advised to
submit their application to the Guard School in the KUDAN Metropolitan Middle School.
For war orphans who desire to receive an
education, the necessary funds for school expenses will be furnished by the JAPAN
Educational Service Association (NIPPON
KYOIKUEI-KAI).
ITEM 4 All Japan Teachers Union Holds Meeting to Unify Teachers Associations and Effect
Better Treatment
- Asahi Shimbun - 21 Dec 45. Translator: H. Nishihara.
Full Translation:
The TOKYO Teachers' Union (TOKYOTO KYOIN KUMIAI) will hold an inaugural meeting at
the YOTSUYA DAIROKU Primary School on 23
December. This Union is a part of the All-JAPAN Teachers' Union.
The following times will be discussed at the meeting: 1) five hundred per cent raise
in pay; 2) positions of all teachers
should be determined by a single standard; 3) aid to teachers and students who are
war victims; 4) establishment of purchasing
unions; 5) participation in education administration by the Union, 6) school principals
to be selected by vote; 7)
reinstatement of teachers who were forced to
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SOCIAL SERIES: 114 (Continued)
ITEM 4 (Continued)
resign; 7) revival of food supply system in schools.
The Union also plans to unify the JAPAN Teachers' Union (NIPPON KYOIKUSHA KUMIAI)
and the All-JAPAN Teachers' Union (ZENNIPPON
KYOIN KUMIAI), which are now opposed to each other on the problem of the Emperor System.
The TOKYO Teachers' Union proposes to
dissolve the two unions and establish a single union whose membership will consist
of all the teachers in JAPAN.
ITEM 5 Japanese, Red Cross Nurses go to New Guinea - Tokyo Shimbun - 21 Dee 45. Translator:
J.
Kinoshita.
Summary:
A farewell meeting for 20 nurses of the JAPAN Red Cross was held at the AOI Hall
in SENDAGAYA, TOKYO on 20 December. The
nurses are to leave YOKOHAMA on the KIKAWA-MARU for NEW GUINEA, where a number of
sick demobilized soldiers are awaiting
them.
ITEM 6 Character and Future of Shinto Shrines - Tokyo Shimbun - 22 Dec 45. Translator:
C. Gilbert.
Summary:
In connection with General Headquarters' directive on Shintoism, it cannot be too
strongly emphasized that the idea that
Shintoism is not a religion and only of recent origin dating to the beginning of this
century, is a grave error. The Japanese
people have always gone to their Shinto Shrines to pray, to make vows, to take part
in festivals and rites. It is true that
some of the Shinto Shrines deify great men among the Japanese people, but, the others
deify their multitudinous gods. The
majority of the Shinto Shrines, especially in the villages, are dedicated to the god
of agriculture. It is true that since the
MEIJI Restoration, the appointment of village Shinto priests had to be sanctioned
by the prefectural governor, but, this was
largely a matter of form. The village Shinto priest was, therefore, not a state official,
but, a villager, pure and
simple.
Shintoism is of a very manifold nature and comprises many forms of belief, some of
them very ancient and traditional, others
new. State Shintoism comprises only one if its many aspects. The General Headquarters'
directive puts an end only to the
recent artificial impositions on Shintoism. It is to be assumed that the Shinto priests
of the different sects and shrines
will create some sort of Bureau of Shintoism to keep in touch with each other and
the believers will group themselves in
associations and bodies. [illegible]the above measures are adopted, state subsidy will be unnecessary and
most probably Shintoism will prosper even more than heretofore. There are, however,
a number of Shinto Shrines, without public
support, partly maintained artificially as state organs of Shintoism. Such shrines
will not be able to maintain themselves.
Shintoism as a religion is, therefore, in no way impaired by the General Headquarters'
directive; on the contrary, it is to be
assumed that the removal of official shackles will bring out the individual characteristics
and traditions of the Shinto
Shrines more clearly.
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