Press translations [Japan]. Social Series 0063, 1945-12-05.
Date5 December, 1945
RepositoryRauner Special Collections Library, Dartmouth College.
Call Numbersocial-0232
Call NumberDS801 .S84
Persistent Identifier
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SOCIAL SERIES: 63
ITEM 1 Condition of Japanese on Chishima Islands Under Soviet Occupation- Asahi Shimbun
- 3 Dec. 45.
Translator: E. Nishihara.
Full Translation:
Two trading ships have arrived at NEMURO from KUNASHIRI and IRONE in the CHISHIMA
Islands to leave daily necessities in
HOKKAIDO, and revealed that the Japanese civilians are in very comfortable circumstances
in the CHISHIMA Islands. No news had
arrived from there since the occupation by Soviet troops.
UMEHARA, Mamoru, of IRONI, who was elected the village master, MUKAE, Yujiro, fisherman
of KUNASHIRI, and ONO, Shinichi, chief
of the ODOMARI Fishers Association, who brought a large quantity of lobsters and salmons
in the ships, related that some three
hundred Soviet soldiers occupied IRONI, wished the Japanese to come back to the island
and be engaged in industry and
requested them to bring back as many Japanese as possible.
They further stated that one third of the inhabitants of the island had come to HOKKAIDO,
and the remainder are under the very
generous administration of the Soviet Government. Rice was allocated at a rate of
4.2 to men older than forteen years and 2.2
GO to the men older than seventy. In many out of the way places inconvenient for shipment
they are given their ration for six
months at a time. If a barter system should be established with HOKKAIDO, it would
have no worries at all.
Labor was forced when Soviet ships arrived but wages were high. The Soviet troops
were planning a better system with HOKKAIDO
and communication will be allowed. Yen was the only currency in the Islands.
Large amounts of fish were available in the Islands, but the Soviet soldiers did
not eat fish, so the Japanese planned a
barter system, exporting fish to HOKKAIDO and importing oil, sugar, MISO, SHOYU, and
SAKE, of which the Soviet troops
approved. They were planning to bring a large amount of "KOMAI" fish next month.
ITEM 2 Economic Condition of TOKYO University Students - Mainichi Shimbun - 3 Dec.
45. Translator: Y.
Akabane.
Summary
Various movements for the reconstruction of JAPAN along democratic lines through
collective co-operation in order to recover
by some means or other from the defeat of the war are becoming very active of late.
Some of them have taken the form, for
instance, of domestic co-operative societies, consumers! societies, students
SOCIAL SERIES: 63 (Continued)
ITEM 2 (Continued)
unions and other similar united actions. Educators who bear heavy responsibility
to take charge of national education which is
the foundation of a democratic JAPAN are no exception. Stimulated by democratic consciousness,
they have risen to organize
themselves into a union, embracing 500,000 educators throughout the country which,
however, has two organizations at present.
Japan Educators Association, with Mr. KAGAWA, Toyohiko is chiefs organizer, and Messers.
KONO, Mitsu, YOSHIKAWA, Kanemitsu,
principal of FUNARASHI Agriculture and Forestry school; Mrs. KAWASAKI, Nstsa; KIUHI,
Kgo and several others as preparatory
committee members.
An inaugural meeting was held at KURAMAE Hall on 2, December at which were present
representatives of universities, colleges,
middle schools and primary schools from all over the country. The association as originally
intended to unify only middle
school teachers in TOKYO and its vicinity, but it has developed on a wider scale to
embrace all the educators in JAPAN in
order to protect themselves fully for the sake of their holy duty of establishing
free education based on democracy.
To attain their objective, they have decided to advocate such items as welfare arrangements
for educators, five day a week
teaching schedule after the American system, to give them time for study; The principle
of equal opportunity in education for
men and women; public election of principal's schools and educational administration;
promotion of co-operative unions;
participation of such unions in educational adminiatration; free and independent schools,
relief of teachers, students and
children who are war victims, ect.
Organization of the Association is as follows: Director Mr. KAGAWA, Toyoliko. Vice-directors,
Mr. KONO, Mitsu; Mrs. KIUCHO,
Kgo. Managers, Mrs. KAWASA[illegible]I, Natsu; YOSHIKAWA Kanemitsu; INOMATA Kozo. It is composed of 14
sections: general affairs, organization, outside negotiation, international, schemes
and connections, research, co-operative
union, education and publication, politics, culture, health, information and properganda,
youngmen, and women.
Mr. KAGAWA clarified the nature of the association at the inaugural meeting as follows:
"The foundation of a new JAPAN must be
educational democracy. The examples of unarmed states are SWEDEN and SWITZERLAND.
It is the mission of Japanese educationors
to stand up bravely in face of this critical moment, bearing in mind the spirit of
Pestalozzi's 'love education'. without
blindly insisting only on our right to existence our union must be conscious of educational
duty standing on the principles of
education; based on love, educational democracy, nationalistic spiritualism, peaceful
co-operative spirit without violence and
exploitation as well as democratic freedom. Because of this holy duty which is the
special feature of our association, we are
prepared to stick to our educational mission, without being driven to strikes as seen
in other bodies, even in face of the
struggle for the protection of our livelihood.
All-Japan Educationists Association. Inaugural meeting was held at the Educational
Building in KANDA on 7, December under the
sponsorship
- 2 -
SOCIAL SERIES: 63 (Continued)
ITEM 2 (Continued)
of Mr. ONO, Shunichi, Director of the People's News Paper and Mr. HANYU, Garo. Although
this dissociation is rumoured to be
intended chiefly for primary school teachers in general, while Japanese Educators'
Association is for those of universities
and colleges, there seems to be no great difference in their objectives, as even the
latter comprises all classes of teachers.
Prior to the organization, promoters of these two associations consulted with each
other about the formation of a single
association but did not reach on agreement.
The All-Japan Educators' Association is enumeration as its principles, the protection
of teachers livelihood, democratization
of school education, establishment and operation of educational organs, collaboration
with other unions and democratic bodies
ect. Mr. HANYU who is the heed of the association is making a stand criticizing the
responsibility of not only militarists and
bureaucrats but also the Emperor. It was discussed at the inaugral meeting and the
association will likely be led toward this
direction. It is noteworthy that the educational circles in new JAPAN are divided
in two on the Empire System.
Japan Education Society effected its reorganization last March and started as a control
organ, placing under its supervision
all related bodies, the TOKYO City branch being no exception. However, most office-holders
including the Director and the Vice
directors of the branch have been appointed from among officials of the Metropolitan
Office, so the color of its official
being has been conspicuously powerless. In view of this, the new system of appointment
of office-holders was recently adopted,
in consequence of which all the former office-holders resigned. According to the new
system, the office-holders are to be
elected by the meeting of representatives of each school, but the Director and vice-director
of the branch are to be appointed
by the President of the society from among the candidates elected by representatives'
meeting. New office-holders will be
determined by 10 December. Also the branch comprising over 24,000 teachers and staff
of the TOKYO Prefecture will actively
much its work of protecting its members' livelihood against recent high prices, with
a budget of more than 610,000 Yen.
1TEM 3 Concerning the Disappearnce of 400,000 KOKU of Military Rice Stock Tokyo Shimbun
- 3 Dec. 45.
Translator: Y. Akabane.
Summary:
Prior to putting an end to the history of the Japanese Army and Navy extending ever
70 years the Army Minister said: "The Army
is to be disolved forever and I am sorry that the Army can not compensate for its
past lack of realism. However, I ask the
nation to extend proformed sympathy to the loyal soldiers and those who died in the
war". This is really a touching statement
as the curtain rings down on the military. At any rate, we will not forget to thank
our faithful soldiers and those who died
in the war, even though we are now under miserable conditions without food and homes.
Although we have been defeated, we do
not doubt that many heroic stores of brave and loyal soldiers will be handed down
to our descendants as long as our nation
survives. On the other hand, however, we cannot deny that we have many disgusting
memories abort the Army and Navy the illegal
disposition of commodities in military possession by a part of the soldiers immediately
after the end of the war is one
- 3 -
SOCIAL SERIES 63 (Continued)
ITEM 3 (Continued)
example. Especially vivid is the fact that a pretty large quantity of food was brought
out at random by unauthorized
servicemen who took advantage of the anarchy prevailing at that time.
At the time of demobilization each soldier was allowed to carry with him two or three
she of rice to take care of himself
during the trip homeward. This s really a necessary step against which no one can
complain. But it is evident that most of the
rice stock in the Army and Navy has not been disposed of in ouch justifiable ways.
Rice captured by the Allied Forces and
returned to the Japanese will amount to about 100, 000 tons. At the time the war ended,
there were about three million
soldiers within JAPAN, who consumed on an average about double the amount consumed
by civilians. The actual quantity of rice
held by military authorities is not known outside, but in some troops or divisions,
a fairly large amount was supposed to have
been stored in anticipation of the decisive battles to be fought in HONSHU.
By rough calculation based on various other materials, about 300,000 to 400,000 koku
of rice for military use was supposed to
have been disposed of illegally by military authorities at the end of the war. Although
the quantity is not significant
compared with the total quantity of rice consumed all over Japan, we can net remain
silent at this time when the nation is
going hungry every day, with a meager rice ration of only two go one shaku. It is
absolutely necessary for the Government to
make public the exact amount of rice and all the other goods the Army and Navy had
when the war ended, together with the
amount of goods illegally disposed of. This is in our opinion one of the most important
items in the winding up of the pending
business of the Army and Navy Ministries.
ITEM 4 Tokyo University Students Boll - Asahi Shimbun - 4 Dec. 45. Translator: H.
Nishihara.
Full Translation:
The Socica1 Science Research dissociation of TOKYO University has investigated the
opinions and the actual living conditions
of those who are being quartered in barracks in the war-devastated areas. Some 30
students of the Association visited 1,000
families one by one, completing, the investigation on 25 November. Statistics compiled
from the first half of the
investigation, on the opinions of 341 inhabitants are shown as follows:
- 1.On the Emperor system: 268 persons (78per cent) support the system; 17 persons (5
per cent) against the
system; 17 persons (5 Per cent) indifferent. As shown above, about eighty percent
support the Emperor system and a (26
percent) of their expressed decisive opinions supporting the system, However 146 (43
percent) support the system, but
with less earnestness. They said they are in favor of the system, because they have
been taught to believe that the
system is just. Besides the above 17 (5 percent) desired democratic system with a
monarch as the head and two insisted
upon communism with the Emperor as head.
- 4 -
-
SOCIAL SERIES 63 (Continued)
ITEM 4 (Continued) - 2.What they desire from the Government Administration: 59 (17 percent) desire security in the matter of food; 44 (13 percent) want the administration to give enough food to the working class; 16 (5 percent) want an administration which does not disseminate falsehoods.
- 3.. On woman suffrage: 81 (24 percent) are in favor of it; 45 (13 percent) are against it; 104 (30 percent) are indifferent. It was obvious that the majority were indifferent. Twenty-five of them said that food was more important than suffrage.
DISTRIBUTION "X"
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