Press translations [Japan]. Political Series 0284, 1946-02-06.
Date6 February, 1946
RepositoryRauner Special Collections Library, Dartmouth College.
Call Numberpolitical-1153
Call NumberDS801 .S85
Persistent Identifier
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POLITICAL SERIES: 284
ITEM 1 Public Opinion On Constitutional Revision - Mainichi Shimbun - 4 Feb 46. Translator:
M.
Kojima.
Full Translation:
The problem of revising the Constitution will have important significance in deciding
the future of new JAPAN. At a time when
not only the Government but also every political party and scholars are actively examining
this problem, the Public Opinion
Research Institute (in the SANGYO-KEIZAI Building, KOJIMACHI-Ku, TOKYO), which had
drawn up 5,000 copies of an inquiry into
the four most urgent problems that is, the methods of revising the Constitution, approval
or disapproval of the
Emperor-system, renovating the parliamentary system and the continuance or abolition
of the present Privy Council, has
questioned various persons in the political, official, educational, business, religious
and legal fields and also the various
ranks of workers, students, young men and women.
The general conclusion of these inquiries was published 3 February. It is worthy
of note that the contents of these conclusion
will give important hints not only to a Government-sponsored bill for constitutional
revision, but also to the dogmatic
opinions on the revision in every quarter. Lists of inquiries had been directly handed
to or sent to the afore-mentioned
persons by reply-paid letters. They had been asked to judge the problems from their
own points of view. The contents of
inquiries had been theoretically analysed and arranged. The total number of letters
in reply to the inquiries was 1,240. That
is to say, the ratio of replies to inquiries is one to two. These replies were sent
from persons whose intellectual levels are
quite high.
I. Methods of revising the Constitution.
Concerning methods of revising the Constitution, public opinion has absolutely requested
the formation of a constitutional
amendment committee publicly elected by the people. Thus, other methods of revision
have been ignored. It is especially worthy
of note that the bill for revision decided by both the Constitutional Reform Inquiry
Commission as a Government organization
and the Diet has been repudiated. That is to say,
- 1.Supporting the method in which the Emperor should present the refer bill as has been decided in the present Constitution: approvals: 473 (20% of the total).
- 2.Supporting the method in which the reform bill should be presented in the Constitutional
Amendment Committee of
the Diet; approvals: 581 (24%).
-
POLITICAL SERIES: 284 (Continued)
ITEM 1 (Continued) - 3.Supporting the method in which the reform hill should, he investigated by the Constitutional Amendment Committeemen elected by the people; approvals: 1,289 (53%).
- 4.Others; 53 (3%).
(II) Approval or disapproval of the Emperor-system. Concerning the problem of the
Emperor System, the public opinion,
disapproving both of the radical reform bill drafted by civilians and the conservative
reform bill drafted by the Government
puts the Emperor outside the sphere of administration, and generally supports him
as both the general head of the Japanese
people and the fountainhead of morality. Repudiation of the Emperor System amounted
only to nine per cent of the total. The
number of persons approving communism from among the persons disapproving the Emperor
System is particularly small. Public
support of the Emperor System can be called decisive, even if the theoretical grounds
for each reply is different. That is to
say,
- 1.Supporting the Emperor System; approvals: 2.184.
- a.Supporting the present system; approvals: 281 (l6%).
- b.Support for putting the Emperor outside the sphere of administration and regarding him as both the general head of the Japanese people and as the fountainhead of morality; approvals: 1,084 (a little over 45%).
- c.Supporting the Emperor in a system whereby the administrative power can be held together with the Diet on points of harmony between rules and ruled; approvals: 680 (28%).
- d.Others: 36 (1.5%).
- 2.Repudiating the Emperor System; approvals: 205.
- a.Supporting a republican government, that is to say, a presidential - system by means of election as in the UNITED STATES OF AMERICA; approvals: 137 (5.6%)
- b.Supporting the system in which a sovereign should he elected by a committee publicly elected as in SOVIET RUSSIA; approvals: 64 (2.6%).
- c.Others; 4 (0.16%).
(III) How to renovate the parliamentary system. Concerning the renovation of the parliamentary system, the number insisting on the continuance of the present system was only 2.5% of the total. Concerning methods of the renovation, the number of the persons supporting both the one House-system which has hitherto been discussed in every quarter and the system of a House of functional representatives are small. On the contrary, a new method devised by the Public Opinion Research Institute in which the second House will be formed by governors publicly elected, functional representatives and men of learning has been supported by persons amounting to 45% of the total. - a.Supporting the present two House-system; approvals: 6l (25%).
- b.Supporting the abolition of the House of Peers and the formation of a simple people's parliament; approvals: 420 (18%).
- c.Changing the present House of Peers into a House of functional representatives; approvals:
519 (22%).
- 2 -
-
POLITICAL SERIES: 284 (Continued)
ITEM 1 (Continued) - d.Forming the second House with Governors publicly elected, functional representatives and men of learning; approval: 1,082 (45%)
- e.Reduction of the authorized limit of rights of the present House of Peers and establishing only the House of Representatives approvals: 275 (11%)
- f.Others; (2%).
(IV) Continuance or abolition of the Privy Council. Concerning the continuance or abolition of the Privy Council, approvals for its abolition have amounted to more than one half of the total. This will probably mean the future disappearance of this system. - a.Supporting its Abolition; 1,377 (58%).
- b.Supporting the plan of aggrandizing the present Privy Council through personal renovation by a small number of chosen peers; 576 (23%)
- c.Supporting the method in which privy councillors should be publicly elected; 358 (17%)
- d.Others; 34 (12%).
DISTRIBUTION "X"
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