Press translations [Japan]. Political Series 0282, 1946-02-05.

Full Translation:

"The true accuser in this tribunal, is civilization." These were the words of the Chief Prosecutor JACKSON concluding his four-hour prosecution at the NUREMBERG The court was the International Military Tribunal: trying GOERING and other Germans who were responsible for the war and was of the same character as the Far Eastern International Military Tribunal to be opened shortly in TOKYO to judge General TOJO and others. Therefore, it follows that at the TOKYO tribunal it was in also be said that "the true accuser in this tribunal is civilization."

SCAP issued an order on 22 January concerning the establishment of the Far Eastern Military Tribunal in order to try General TOJO. This tribunal, unlike the existing war criminal court, chiefly judges persons responsible for the war, and the court is of a very important nature. The existing war crime tribunals, either in the case of General YAMASHIT in the PHILIPPINES or TSUGHIYA and others In YOKOHAMA, dealt with violations of individual war regulations, and the effects were limited to specific localities. Contrary to this, the tribunal which is about to be convened in TOKYO prosecutes the actual responsibility for the war, and its effects are not limited to specific areas; they are general and transcend localities. Its importance is beyond comparison.

However, in the Far Eastern Military Tribunal in TOKYO the judgments to be made are not confined to persons responsible for the war. The scope of this tribunal comprises three categories; crimes against peace, ordinary war crimes and crimes against humanity. The ordinary war crimes are the violations of individual war regulations and they are already being judged in the PHILIPPINES, YOKOHAMA, and other places and they will be also judged in the future. The crimes against humanity are those perpetrated against civilians, such as slaughters, massacres, slave-like treatments, banishments and other inhuman atrocities, and persecutions based on political or racial reasons. They were violated to such an extent in Nazi GERMANY that considerable importance was given to them there. In JAPAN, however, they will be comparatively few.

Therefore, as far as JAPAN is concerned, the conclusion is that the crimes of special importance are those against peace. They are the offenses which destroyed peace and provoked war, and according to the articles of the Far Eastern Military Tribunal, they are the acts which planned, prepared, opened and executed the declared or undeclared aggressive wars, or the wars in violation of international law or treaties To be more concrete in the case of JAPAN, they not only include the Pacific War, but they retroact to the Chinese and Manchurian Incidents.

The acts which planned, prepared, started end achieved these incidents and wars are all regarded as the crimes against peace and will be subjected to judgment at the TOKYO military tribunal, and its importance can be easily understood.

POLITICAL SERIES: 282 (Continued)

ITEM 1 (Continued)

These crimes against peace were challenges against civilization. If such crimes are repeated., civilization can no longer survive. Therefore, they cannot he overlooked by civilization and they must he severely prosecute This is the main point of Chief Prosecutor JACKSON's argument. Let us go a little further in detail. The Chief Prosicutor said first that the crimes which they were going to punish in that court were so skillfully planned, so vicious and so destructive that by their repetition civilization would be unable to survive, and therefore could not overlook these crimes.

The power which GOERING and other accused persons represented, the power which would he glad if the accused were acquitted; that these were the darkest and most ominous influences in society; namely despotism, impeachment, enmity, fanaticism, militarism, and illegal acts; which no hypocrisy could veil. Such influences stood there side by side with the accused. The true accuser in that court was civilization. Thus, the Chief Prosecutor closed his prosecution.

This, of course, directly concerned only those Germans who were responsible for the war, but the same thing will also be said to the war responsible persons of JAPAN. At least, the Allied Powers will be thinking that way; that is, to accuse impeach and punish in the name of civilization. Here lie the particular meaning and importance of the tribunal on the war crimes in this category.

ITEM 2 Japan's Coalition with China Saves This Country - Asahi Shimbun - 4 Feb 46. Translator: T. Kitayama.

Extracts:

"From the spiritual as well as material point of view, JAPAN is now confronted with an unparalleled national crisis. If things go on as they are going now, there is no alternative for the country but to become a semi-colonial nation." So declared NOZAKA, Sanzo, on his return home after his sixteen years' exile, when he saw the war-devastate areas of the country. He is interested in friendly feelings with our neighbor, CHINA, more than anyone else. Coalition between JAPAN and CHINA is essential for the reconstruction of this country, as well as for the emancipation of the Asiatic peoples. We must atone for our aggression in the past, and set out from a new viewpoint for the co-operation of both the countries. In consideration of this point, we asked Mr. NOZAKA for his opinion about the future of JAPAN and CHINA and our atonement for the aggressive war.

"My beloved land was once an aggressor country. Various aspects of the persecution I have witnessed with my Chinese friends, and I felt intolerable indignation welling up from the depths of my hearts. I will cite an instance of how the militarists of our country attacked CHINA.

Leaving YENAN, I was going to CHOKAKO with the troops of the Eighth Route Army. There were some guide-soldiers who also were make arrangements necessary for our camping. Put they brought us news that the hamlet which we had expected to be our quarters for the night was not found at the southern part of CHOKAKO. The hamlet was clearly marked on the map, and was quite a big one. Upon inquiry we found that the hamlet had been completely destroyed by the Japanese army and there was left nothing but grass land, no animals even to say nothing of inhabitants. There are numberless Chinese towns, villages and hamlets thus destroyed by the Japanese troops. Farmers were driven from their villages, their house were burnt down, and their families were arrested and taken away. The majority of the Chinese Industrial enterprises we robbed by our capitalists. The damages and losses the Chinese sustain, at the cruel and atrocious hands of Japanese militarism are so immense as to be beyond imagination, We Japanese residents in CHINA, cooperating with the Eighth Route Army, have been fighting against the Japanes militarists, In the future, JAPAN must compensate CHINA for these war crimes. The best way to recompense for our atrocity to build up a democratic JAPAN in addition to paying a material indemnity.

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POLITICAL SERIES: 282 (Continued)

ITEM 2 (Continued)

When I was leaving CHINA for JAPAN the leading personages of that country wished me, from their innermost hearts, the realization of a democratic JAPAN. At the time, and not before, when the democratization of JAPAN in the true sense of the term is materialized, will he born friendly relations between the Japanese and. the Chinese people.

Another thing, and not less important, is that, When JAPAN is reconstructed, she should assist CHINA, not for the purpose of aggression, but from the very depths of her heart, in the reestablishment of industry and the industrialization of that country. I am against the opinion that CHINA had better be made an agricultural country and JAPAN an industrial country. China has plenty of aptitude to develop speedily as an industrial country. In May last year, at the All Chinese Grand Meeting of the Communist Party, I spoke on the "Cooperation of JAPAN and CHINA." In the course of my speech, I touched upon the problem of the industrialization of CHINA and JAPAN's assistance in it. I was applauded, unanimously and warmly.

In reconstructing industry in CHINA, the concrete method of assistance is that of providing technicians, China expects to repair for immediate use such factories, mines, railways and other industrial set-ups as JAPAN formerly owned. But for that purpose, JAPAN's technical help is most necessary. CHINA herself is seeking that sort of help, and at the time of the termination of the war, she desired that Japanese technicians "Should remain there.

As material indemnity, part of JAPAN's industrial apparatus will be went to CHINA, In that case, a number of our technicians should be chosen from among honest and sincere men, not reactionaries, but persons whom JAPAN can guarantee. Feelings of the Chinese at large toward the Japanese are by no means friendly at present, but the leading classes are different. MOTAKUTO and other leading personages with whom I came in close touch in CHINA showed an unspeakably warm attitude toward me.

When I arrived at YENAN, the important persons of the place extended, to me a hearty welcome. This was perhaps because there had been no anti-war Japanese or a Japanese communist there. They gave me the same reception as they do to the central committeemen. It was MOTAKUTO who was my best adviser when I was forming a union for Japanese emancipation and founding a labor agricultural school.

At present there are two great heroes in CHINA, one of them being Chiang KAI-SHEK and the other MOTAKUTO. These two magnates are devoting themselves to the gigantic tasks of delivering CHINA and of unifying the whole country. But we must find in the person of MOTAKUTO a successful founder of a democratized CHINA in the future.

He is a very earnest student of JAPAN and is keenly interested in matter Japanese. Before I went to YENAN, I had written for publication a book entitled "Imperialistic JAPAN", under the leadership of MOTAKUTO. The contents of the book were extensive, covering the fields of politics, economy, and society. Under his initiative also, I was teaching specialists on problems concerning the Japanese. There are many young men of ability in the political bureau of the Communist Party of CHINA. These young men will play an active role in the forefront of the future CHINA.

Friendly relations between JAPAN and CHINA will actually begin when JAPAN becomes a democratic country in the real sense of the word.

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