Press translations [Japan]. Editorial Series 0461, 1946-02-18.
Date18 February, 1946
RepositoryRauner Special Collections Library, Dartmouth College.
Call Numbereditorial-1417
Call NumberDS801 .S82
Persistent Identifier
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EDITORIAL SERIES: 461
ITEM 1 The Significance of the Public Election of Officers for the Agricultural Associations
- Provincial
Newspaper Shinano Mainichi Shimbun (Nagano) 15 Feb 46. Translator: K. Ketel.
Full Translation:
The elections of officers of agricultural associations of cities, towns and villages
according to the amended laws are due to
be held between 21 February and 10 March so as to precede the forthcoming general
election. The said election is the first of
its kind to be held since the democratization of the agricultural associations was
planned. This public election will not only
alter the town and village associations but will also change completely the landlord
nature of the prefectural and central
agricultural associations. If the agricultural association of today becomes autonomous
in a town or village, it will be the
first step in the democratization of rural communities and therefore, its significance
becomes more and more great. It is
needless to say that until now, the officers of these associations, similar to other
offices, have been influenced by elements
with characters like landlords or by leaders who acted in their behalf. They played
a great role in gaining power in the rural
community by connections with village offices and assemblies and various other agricultural
organizations. It is a fact that
the coming election will be of great significance in the expulsion of feudalism from
rural life.
This election is a chance which has been obtained and it is inconceivable that by
means of this chance the democratization of
the agricultural associations and rural life will be easily achieved, A successful
democratization of the rural community
depends on the self-consciousness of the masses of the farmers and to what extent
they are able to utilize the given
opportunity.
The rural community is now confronted by various new subjects, such as the farm land
release, the payment of rentals in money
instead of kind and food administration by the farmers. It seems that the rural community
is rapidly heading for democracy
pressed on by the farmers associations and the farmers committees. However, if we
make a more detailed examination of this
subject we will notice that the feudal system is very deeply rooted in rural life
and therefore, it could not be removed
overnight. As a matter of fact the landlords seem to be reinstated in the rural community
by the new farmland reform law, and
a similar character seems to have penetrated the minds of the yeoman and tenants.
Furthermore the commercial farmers who enjoy
inflationary prosperity seem to [illegible]to play a great role as representatives of the old reactionary
forces.
The prerequisite for counteracting such complicated movements and for the establishment
of an agency for productive farmers by
reorganizing the agriculture associations is, first of all, to shake all the farmers
free from such ideas. It is said that in
towns and villages, where farmers' associations and committees already have been established,
the old agriculture associations
are being seriously criticized and experience
EDITORIAL SERIES: 461 (Continued)
ITEM 1 (Continued)
has been gained in holding the attacks of the old guard in check to a certain extent.
Therefore it is necessary that in other
towns and villages drastic and resolute efforts are made.
Because the election agency, that is, the agricultural associations, are still under
the influence of the old reactionary
forces, there is some possibility that the complete enlightenment as to the significance
of the coming election will be
sabotaged. The fanners must be aware that they should watch the proceedings carefully,
should obtain time to eminent on the
candidates, and should not decide on a candidate at the recommendation of certain
high persons. It is essential to assert and
fulfil the need to devise a system to demonstrate clearly the significance of the
coming election. Going a step further, the
various associations and agricultural organizations from towns and villages should
take concerted action by forming alliances
and demanding the leadership of a higher agency, and should carry out an enlightenment
campaign. In other words, such activity
will not only be a movement for democratizing agriculture associations, but should
become a significant declaration in the
coming political warfare.
ITEM 2 Judgment By Common Sense Of the Nation - Tokyo Shimbun - 17 Feb 46. Translator:
S. Ota.
Full Translation:
The general election is the first since the end of the war, and is to be held under
the so-called "bloodless revolution."
Hence, not only the Japanese Nation will be affected by it result, but also the whole
world is concerned with the election.
Needless to say, we must assume a cautious attitude toward this problem, for the international
position of JAPAN in the future
will much depend on the results of the coming general election.
It is true that the Nation has been rather embarrassed at the freedom which has not
been allowed it before. However, if we
consider the problems on which we must lay stress at present, our standpoint ought
to be determined accordingly. It seems that
results of general elections in the European countries after the recent war should
give us many suggestions. Political parties
which are rooted in Christianity have made remarkable progress as a general trend
in AUSTRIA, HUNGARY, FRANCE, BELGIUM, etc.
Good examples of this trend may be seen in the Peoples' Republican Front in FRANCE
and the Catholic Farmers Party and
Christian Socialist Party in AUSTRIA. In particular, in the case of AUSTRIA although
it is under the occupation of the SOVIET
Army, only three communist representatives were selected, whereas the Catholic Farmer
Party and the Christian Socialist Party
attained the top two positions. This is indeed significant, dome explain this phenomenon
as follows: for some period after the
war the power of the left wing spread throughout European countries. It proves, however,
that their policies were rather apart
from the real aspects of the situation. As a reaction from this fact, people who sought
moderation supported political parties
which advocate the improvement of society.
At any rate, it seems that the results of general elections in these countries showed
clearly that the people desire
rehabilitation after the devastation due to the war as their first aim and that they
deem it necessary to co-operate on a
nation-wide scale in order to realize this objective. Moreover, it was also shown
through these general elections that the
people do not always agree with the historical materialism which asserts that social
evils can only be annihilated by
impartial distribution of wealth, but they consider also that the spiritual side cannot
be ignored in human life, as is
advocated by some socialist parties. Is there nothing for us to learn from this victory
of Christian-like common sense?
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EDITORIAL SERIES: 461 (Continued)
ITEM 2 (Continued)
At present, there is no political party in JAPAN which has its root in Christianity.
Yet, it is wrong to say that there is no
such commonsense as is produced from Christian doctrines. What is first desired by
us is to make the most of this common
sense.
It seems that recently the examination of candidates has made remarkable progress.
Yet we cannot claim that there are no
pseudo-democrats or opportunists who are running for election by confusing and misrepresenting
themselves. We must watch them
closely. Also, the doctrines or policies of each political party ought to be criticized
by our common sense. If we are to seek
fresh yet certain results in tee coming general election, the only way to do this
is to make the most of our common
sense.
ITEM 3 Co-operation is Necessary in Order to Tide Over the Crisis - Asahi Shimbun
- 17 Feb 46.
Translator: H. Furukawa.
Full Translation:
The Government has decided to take a big step for the stabilization of the livelihood
of the people. As a result, all the
fields of national economy will be greatly affected and the life of the people will
also be put in a state of inconvenience
and confusion which will last for some time. When, however, the surging tide of inflation
which is increasing more and more
the difficulties of the life of the masses, and the appearance of starvation throughout
the country is considered, the
decisive and drastic step now to be taken by the Government is of course justifiable.
No one can deny the necessity of this
emergency step because of its danger of giving a shock to the national economy and
putting the household economy of individual
people in confusion. It is a surgical operation to tide over today's national crisis
which is required of any Government,
whether it be organized by the leftists or the conservatives. Such being the case,
the Government, if it is to be censured,
can be charged with the incompleteness or mildness of this measure and its idleness
and inefficiency which brought the matter
to such a condition as today.
Be that as it may, the SHIDEHARA Cabinet, which some time ago authorized black market
dealing by abolishing the official
control of perishable foods, is now obliged to resort to an emergency measure more
strict than any during the war. By this
fact, we feel the seriousness and danger of the present crisis, This emergency measure
which aims at overcoming the crisis by
freezing the over-abundant currency to curb inflation and by discovering hoarded stocks
of food and other necessities which
will be utilized in distribution, is most proper in today's pressing situation, and
all the people must cooperate in that
purpose. Nevertheless, we must not have the optimistic view that the danger of the
collapse of the national economy can be
wiped out by this measure. It is quite doubtful that the Government measure now revealed
will be successful in extricating the
national economy from disorder and inflation.
As for the weak points of this measure, it must be notices that its chief aim lies
in the solution of financial problems, and
not in those of production. Bringing hoarded stock to light, although it is most important
overcoming the crisis, has only a
temporary effect. Hoarded stocks can never be sufficient to save the nation from economic
chaos. The increase in productions
most fundamental. Without production restored to a certain minimum level, the crisis
of economic collapse, though it may be
postponed temporarily, can never be overcome. There can be found no part of the Government
measure which is powerful enough to
reopen activity in production. If the Government does not take supplementary measures
for the above purpose at the earliest
possible date, a comprehensive measure for the stabilization of the people's livelihood
will
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EDITORIAL SERIES: 461 (Continued)
ITEM 3 (Continued)
be lacking a nucleus. It is anticipated that, without the stabilization of the people's
livelihood by a sufficient
distribution of food, the freezing of funds will fail in its end. The Government does
not take any consideration for increase
in allotments in its new measure, and the reform of the distribution system is still
left undone to the fear of many people.
If an amount sufficient to stabilize the people's livelihood cannot be distributed,
the freezing of funds will be nullified by
frequent practice of special exemptions from the freezing, or bartering will prevail,
menacing those who have nothing to
barter. Facing the crisis of economic collapse of our country, we hope the Government
will be successful in carrying out its
measure, and we must not be reluctant to co-operate with it. It is most necessary
for the success of this measure that the
Government be bold and sincere in carrying out its plans without deception. It is
supposed that the present Cabinet is backed
by the old leading influences. If this supposition be true, it will be an act of self-denial
for the present Government to
carry out this measure which aims at the equalization of wealth. We should like the
present cabinet headed by Baron SHIDEHARA
to prove to be a representative of the people's interest, by such measures as the
ruthless inspection of hoarded stock held by
the old leading class.
DISTRIBUTION "X"
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