Press translations [Japan]. Editorial Series 0159, 1945-12-26.
Date26 December, 1945
RepositoryRauner Special Collections Library, Dartmouth College.
Call Numbereditorial-0510
Call NumberDS801 .S82
Persistent Identifier
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EDITORIAL SERIES: 159
ITEM 1 Significance of General Election-Provincial Newspaper, Shinano Mainichi Shimbun
(Nagano)-21
December 1945. Translator: Ebiike, Yuri.
Summary:
Perhaps nothing today is attracting as much of the attention of the world as the
forthcoming general election, because by this
election the world is going to jedge whether this defeated and still feudalistic JAPAN
may be revived as a democratic and
peaceful nation, and whether a new JAPAN thus renovated may find a place in the family
of nations as an independent state.
Thus, it may not be an exageration to say that JAPAN's destiny will be decided by
the forthcoming general election, the
outcome of which will prove to the world that she is shaking off her old feudalistic
views, eliminating her reactionary
elements, and indicating that her people have the ability and culture to reconstruct
a truly democratic country.
Suppose that in the future the Diet becomes the political center of JAPAN, and that
parliamentary government means nothing but
party polities, which is considered the best policy of democracy at present. It is
best for us to elect trustworthy persons
and have them represent our will and reflect it in state [illegible]rs. The people were disgusted with party
governments in the past and are not much interested in the present political parties,
either. But we believe that it is our
duty, in this now epoch, to develop political parties high standards by improving,
or rejecting them, with our newly-gained
political power. Whether we should attach more importance to the candidate or the
party is an old but still pertinent
question. Indeed the selection of a person is important, but more important is the
selection of a party, that is, the
selection of the policies of the party. Therefore, each party should clarify its own
social[illegible]political policies, Which the people should examine throughly before going to the
polls.
JAPAN's political reconstruction may be said to begin with this forthcoming general
election. In it the will of all Japanese
people will be [illegible]pressed. And it is on each vote that the fortunes of the new JAPAN rest.
ITEM 2 Obstacles to [illegible]armer Delivering of Rice-Asahi Shimbun-23 December 1945.
Translator: E. Furukawa.
Full Translation:
The farmers reluctance to deliver their rice was shown in the fact that the delivery
of rice on 10 December and amounted to
only 2,930,000 koku, or 11 percent of the total allotment of 27 million koku. This
figure is almost half of that of a year ago
when 23.5 percent of the total allotment, had been delivered. Beside the bad weather
and delayed decision on rice allotment,
the re[illegible]of farmers to deliver their rice seem to be a fundamental cause of this poor planning.
Just
now the Nation faces starvation since the shortage of rice is anticipated to amount
to 2,500,000 koku by next February. The
Government is now struggling to
EDITORIAL SERIES: 15[illegible](Continued)
ITEM 2 (Continued)
promote greater delivery [illegible]taking such measures as convoking the heads of the food stuff Management
Offices or encouraging farmers by investigations of ministers themselves. Will such
measures however, be effective enough to
cope with the critical situation? In view of the importance of the subject, policy
must be revised at once by investigation
into the cause of the farmers ri[illegible]. We feel that the fundamental cause of the poor results of rice
delivery lies in the farmers anxiety and distrust of Government policies.
For example, no increase in munition production was shown in write, when farmers
were [illegible]liged to
bear heavy burdens under the slogan "For Victory". In spite of their efforts, no reward
was given to them. Now they cannot
acquire necessities without being required to bring their own rice in exchange. They
are dissatisfied at this. The farms'
reluctance to deliver their rice [illegible]more deliberate when they saw that there were scandals a[illegible]e t rice ow[illegible]ed by the Army at the end of war. Refugees from cities, who
could of food shortage, were know to have considerable supplies of polished rice.
The local body or corporation which takes charge of the delivery of rice, estimates
the [illegible]this year
at 50 percent, While last year it was as high as 70 or 80 percent of the allotment.
Thus, special measures to make farmers
fulfill their allotment are necessary. Now we shall see the results of the measures
taken this year to improve the offering.
The special distribution of wine, fertilizer and other items to farmers seems to be
less effective for this purpose, since
farmers do not want these necessities so long as they can offer their rice in exchange.
And the individual system of allotment
which was adopted in place of community allotment, produced bad results. [illegible]individual farmer was
freed from his neighbors' compulsion to make delivery. The Government almost ignored
the rise in the purchas[illegible]or rice one, consuquently, voices were heard that the prices of stable food should
be free, from
control, in accordance with the rice in other agricultural products which were freed
from price control.
The abolition of price control on [illegible]les caused a sudden rise in prices, and a vast amount of money
flowed into agriculture villages. It is evicent that all farmers, including wretched
peasants who have acquired much money,
will be encouraged in idle habits and become reluctant to supply their rice. The Government's
measure, which "makes an honest
man a fool", has become the farmers object of [illegible]ntment.
Last year, a community which fulfilled its own allotment [illegible]ordered to supplement the deficiency of
another community. Because of this bitter experience it is natural that this year
simple farmers will become reluctant to
deliver their rice as ordered. Such foolish measures should never be adopted.
Last, some people sold the[illegible]r cro[illegible]s in the black market, taking
advantage of the delay in deciding the amount of the allotment. Honest farmers, who
had been awaiting the allotment
anouncement were provoked to [illegible]er. The Government should decide the amount of allotment in the
early period of the year and make farmers responsible for their supply of Staple foods.
We feel keenly that on agricultural village the Government policy should be more
simple and fair, and that flexibility and
courage and courage necessary to carry out the policy. [illegible]cannot be understood by farmers. The
present system on [illegible]or allotments is too complicated. Officers or [illegible]and
unfair and take advantage of the farmers' ignorance of the complicated system.
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EDITORIAL SERIES: 159 (Continued)
Item 2 (Continued)
It will be impossible to repeat past methods, which forced farmers to deliver their
rice, and the matter cannot be solved even
if they were reported. Removal of obstacles to delivery of rice is the pending problem,
though the import of food as the final
task.
We conclude that the evasive [illegible]of the Government, and the inactivity of its branch offices, are the
biggest obstacles. The Government should behave itself in such a way as to restore
the farmers confidence. The attitude of
relying on the patriotism of farmers shows the Government's intention to blame its
o[illegible]n
inefficiency on farmers, and the ministers visits to villages in nothing but feudal
paternalism r[illegible]ted in the mind of these ministers. The Government should recognize that farmers today
are not so feudalistically minded as
to give their rice willingly to a minister. There is other way to solve this question
except by the exercise of power
administration so as not to an honest man a fool. The inactivity or local offices
should be stimulate to [illegible]store flexibility and courage. It is desirous for the local offices to take the lead
in solving the
difficult problems confronting our Nation's very existence.
ITEM 3 The Issue of Bank Notes By the Japan Bank Exceeds 50 Billion Yen-The [illegible]2. December 1945. Translator: K. Gonji
Full Translation
The total issue or proper currency by the Bank of JAPAN has at last exceeded 50 billion
yen. This means an increase so of 20
bilion yen. Compare[illegible]d with that at the war's end, and about 40 times the amount of the period
proceeding the [illegible]churian Incident. The present economic condition of JAPAN resembles that of
GERMANY in the early part of 1922, when she was r[illegible]sning into the catastrophe of inflation, which
came on her at last in 1923, during the occupation of the [illegible]. In JAPAN, also, we will have to meet
the heavy burdon of r[illegible]tions next year. No one is cert in that this burden does not mean the
s[illegible]e for us it did during the occupation of the [illegible]for [illegible].
The recent remarkable increase of bank notes is said to be due to the [illegible]wal of deposits to exchange
for commodities. This is what is called conversion into material value.
The currency now in circulation is over 100 billion yen. During the war years, it
could not be exchanged for commodities on
account of the shortage of goods. After the war commodities increased in the markets,
and the value of currency is falling
rapidly. In addition, a heavy property tax will be imposed upon it. Under such conditions,
it is quite natural that the
circulation currency should begin to be exchanged for [illegible]dities.
The Government alone is blame. It failed to foresee this eventuality and it still
looks on inactively. Once this exchange
movement takes place, inflation is accelerated. The more the value of money falls
the more commodity prices rise. It
co[illegible]pels the people to exchange their money for commodities for the purpose of security.
This
is what is called destructive circulation, in which cause produces effect, effect
produces cause, and inflation. The
inflation, which has reached a certain stage, is in[illegible]vitably [illegible]ied by
this destructive circulation the forced into [illegible]strophe.
[illegible]let us consider the problems from the side of circulation speed of currency. When
the value of
[illegible]is falling, to keep money, for [illegible]time means a loss for its
[illegible]. Thus, 10 yen [illegible]dily circulated is equivalent to 50 or 100
[illegible]. [illegible], when current circulates [illegible]inflation takes [illegible], even if the total [illegible]of currency does not
increase.
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EDITORIAL SERIES: 159 (Continued)
ITEM 3 (Continued)
The evil effect inflation presents itself in the fielf of public finance also. The
greater part of revenue is obtained from
taxes. Taxes are gathered ever. [illegible]lf year or quarter year for use in the next period. If the value
of money falls in that period the revenue cannot cover the expenditure. The Government
must supplement the deficit by issuing
paper currency. This leads to the acceleration of inflation. As we have mentioned
above, [illegible]resent
economic condition resembles that of GERMANY in 1922. Yet, the Government has not
taken any drastic measures against it. Our
economics are now on the brink of catostro[illegible].
DISTIRIBUTION "X"
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