Press translations [Japan]. Editorial Series 0041, 1945-12-02.
Date2 December, 1945
RepositoryRauner Special Collections Library, Dartmouth College.
Call Numbereditorial-0181
Call NumberDS801 .S82
Persistent Identifier
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EDITORIAL SERIES: 41
ITEM 1 Now Deflation Feared - Mainichi Shimbun - 27 Nov 45. Translator: S. Okuyama.
Full translation:
The latest directive of the Allied Headquarters, as the Finance Minister says, "has
determined the outcome of the issues and
given the economic world wandering in quest of its future course a ground on which
to depend in the large sense." For a
fundamental readjustment of our postwar finance, there was no alternative, but it
appeared to be too difficult for this
country to accomplish with its own hands. Our country should have proposed it itself
without waiting for the Allied
Headquarters' directive and there were good indications of a trend toward such an
autonomous proposal. But judging from all
prevailing conditions, it was difficult after all. One reason is that JAPAN is rendered
spiritless by the defeat in the war,
but the financial history of the world shows that it is most difficult for a country
in such circumstances to daringly resort
to such a measure, even if public opinion agrees on the absolute necessity of the
measure, before the financial bankruptcy
becomes decisive. It is on account of the Allied Headquarters that Japan could pass
through the difficulty.
However, the Allied Headquarters did not take this measure for its goodwill toward
JAPAN. The objective was to clarify to the
Japanese people that war does not pay. The directive means to confiscate the entire
war profit, assess a high gradated
property tax and suspend pensions for the soldiers. We feel indebted to the measure
of the Allied Headquarters because we see
favorable influences to be given thereby to the future of Japanese finance. It is
from now on that the people will begin to
feel cold severity. Of course, the larger portions of the national bonds will be redeemed
by means of the war profit tax and
property tax, and the suspension of interest payment and soldiers' pensions will compass
the expenditures with the result that
the 1946 Budget and those f later years will have a fair balance.
The fear of inflation has now been got rid of but on the contrary, it promises deflation.
The trouble in such a case is that
relief inflation has been blocked. A system of permission has been adopted for expenditures
in addition to fixed expenditures.
The permission system is never meant to be a system of prohibition, but it is undeniable
that deflation relief measures have
become tight. It is trying for one to have stripped of one's property or one's right
to property but it is more trying for one
to have one's means to new funds restricted.
In short, the Japanese Government has been stripped of its right to finance. It is
pathetic but it is a grim reality born of
defeat. It is no use depending on the Government without its financial right.
EDITORIAL SERIES: 41 (Continued)
ITEM 1 (Continued)
One has to attain rehabilitation by one's own hands. No one can hope to depend on
a single yen of subsidy. What we must
remember deeply at this time is the acute experience of deflation which we had in
the years of 1930 and 1931. That depression
itself was the direct cause of the Manchurian Incident end important motives for the
CHINA Affair and the War. In the coming
case whatever difficulties our industry and economy may suffer, they cannot hope to
find an outlet in areas outside the
country. Who can guarantee that the deflation that will come from defeat will not
be severe? The tiger in front of the house,
that is, destructive inflation, has fled but the wolf, that is, the rapid march of
deflation, has come at the back of the
house.
ITEM 2 Sweep Away Barbarism Thoroughly - Nippon Sangyo Keizai - 28 Nov 45. Translator:
K. Nobunaga.
Extracts:
Brigadier General CR[illegible]R, divisional commander of the 24th Infantry in SHIKOKU has lately given the
following order to all policemen of SHIKOKU. "We witnessed a policeman stop a Japanese
child end cruelly strike him in the
face with all his might. Such violence must cease immediately. If such cruel deeds
are repeated American Military Police will
at once arrest the policeman." We must not let this pass over as a local affair, we
must completely sweep away such barbarism
which surrounds us.
During the War it occurred that a girl was assaulted by two officers on the grounds
that she was wearing high heels and skirt.
In a country-town even after the defeat we saw a girl wearing high heels and skirt,
reviled by three officers, "We were
defeated because of people like you." and beaten by them. Many such affairs have also
occurred in other places. Sued violence
was to be found everywhere, whoever despised such a cheap and brutal attitude, was
nevertheless compelled to conform through
violence.
The barbarism of the authorities toward liberal thinkers and participants in political
movements should be thoroughly
investigated and prosecuted. Moreover, violence committed on the streets should also
be completely eliminated as an
antidemocratic barbarism.
It is natural that in AMERICA a woman can travel alone throughout the country. But
in our country we are ass[illegible]ilted merely for wearing high heels and skirts. ISHIKAWA, Takuboku also decried these
terroristic
acts, and expressed his indignation when liberal voices were made silent by force.
Now we have freedom of speech, we can fight
with words and those who disagree with us retaliate in kind. Nevertheless, our people
have a tendency to use violence,
sometimes openly, sometimes through carefully made plots, we should a thoroughly eliminate
of such barbarism. This propensity
of our people for using violence is a vestige of the feudal era when human beings
were treated like animals.
We must not think that we have as yet absorbed in our blood the democratic spirit
which has a deep love for life and great
respect for human values. Look at the design of the cigarette cases sold in the American
Army as an example. The beauty of the
design shows how earnestly Americans love and enjoy their lives. But the Japanese
despise even to pay attention to the harmony
of colour in dressing. As we make light of our lives and consider human beings cheap,
we should decisively exclude such
barbarism which threatens democracy. Let us strengthen more and more the democratic
way, and let us outlaw barbarism.
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EDITORIAL SERIES: 41 (Continued)
ITEM 3 The Question of Wartime Indemnities - Mainichi Shimbun - 28 Nov 45. Translator:
B. Ishibashi.
Full translation:
The policy of the Allied Headquarters is extremely plain and concise in unfolding
its intention to impress the Japanese people
by severe facts, with the lesson of "no profits through war". The SHIDEHARA Cabinet
translates it into a very indirect and
complicated policy. If it is not a mistaken translation, it is at least a bad one.
For instance, the Public Relations Office of Allied Headquarters' order for the establishment
of a wartime profit tax etc. is
directed against the war-made millionaires of the munition factories. Of course it
is not bad to establish new taxes in order
to wipe out illegitimate profits, but it would have been a shorter road to .minimize
their profits. The freezing of national
funds is, needless to say, to suspend payment for 32 billion yen in indemnities to
the munition factories. Nevertheless, the
present Cabinet intends, first, to let then make larger profits, giving then the promised
indemnities, and then, to impose
upon then new taxes. With such thinking, it is a matter of course that the Allied
Headquarters' order will become more severe.
Furthermore, even regarding the property tax and wartime profit tax, there is room
for discussion. Both taxes, if they are to
be applied to redeem public loans, would benefit only the banking organizations which
possess most of the loans.
Contemplating these matters, we will be clear as to why SHIBUSAWA came to office
as Finance Minister at this time. The great
NAKAJIMA HIKOKI Company Ltd. is capitalized at 45,000,000 yen, which is very small
from the point of view of its position
among our airplane industries. Its debts to the KOGYO BANK amount to the colossal
sum of 2.5 billion yen.
If the government indemnities were paid it, the company would be able to clear off
its debts and still colossal profit would
remain in its pockets. If these gains had to be returned completely to the Government
by the execution of the new taxes, it
would be no use for it to receive these indemnities. We want to know why the Government
is showing so much earnestness in
paying these indemnities.
It is reasonable to say that if the indemnities were not paid, the munition enterprisers
would not be able to pay off their
bank debts, which may trouble the general depositors. However, since there are means
to avoid this trouble, the reason cannot
be a valid one.
ITEM 4 The Farm Land Reform Bill and Farmers' Scientific Knowledge - Tokyo Shimbun
- 28 Nov 45.
Translator: K. Hirata.
Full translation:
The Farm Land Reform Bill drafted by the Agriculture and Forestry Ministry underwent
some amendments, so that landlords are
permitted to retain an average of five chobu of land, an increase of two chobu over
the amount permitted in the original bill.
At any rate, it is hardly necessary to say that the reform, bill forms a basis for
democratization of our farming communities
or is an epoch-making measure. Although conservative in idea, nobody will deny that
it is a counter-measure not only necessary
for the current food crisis, but fundamentally essential to the solution of our future
food question. Tenants, 70 per cent
of
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EDITORIAL SERIES: 41 (Continued)
ITEM 4 (Continued)
all farmers in the country, will thus come to own land or be permitted to pay in
cash to landowners. Therefore they are
expected to do their utmost for production.
It is well known that hitherto most of our tenants have been idle, lacking enthusiasm
for production because of the extremely
high rates of farm rents. It is natural that they could not help being idle since
they had to pay as much as they produced.
However, once the reform bill passes the Diet, they will be emancipated from the long
years of oppression, and when set free,
they will not be as idle as before. They are sure to do their utmost for production
as diligent farmers.
As a result of surrender, we have lost FORMOSA and KOREA. Still worse, our population
has increased to nearly 80 million.
Therefore, it is beyond, the realm of argument that we must strive to increase agricultural
products by intensive cultivation
of land. In regard to this, we want our farmers to proceed with scientific study and
to strive for the promotion of
agricultural techniques. Thanks to the Farm Land Reform Bill, most farmers will soon
learn how to love land by owning their
own land. Therefore, they must be careful of the land given to them and use scientific
management of farming as well as the
promotion of productive technique. For this purpose, it is necessary to increase scientific
knowledge among our farmers and
introduce scientific agricultural management and technique into our faming communities.
The aim of the Reform Bill contemplates the stabilization of the farmers' livelihood.
If so, farmers must realize their
responsibility deeply and strive to be more diligent than ever. If they do not cease
to be idle or think about anything but
personal benefits without realizing the real intention of the reform, it is hardly
necessary to say that they will be the
target of adverse criticism by the rest of the nation. It can not be said that the
reform sets farmers completely free from
all oppression. Nevertheless it is not only their chance but their duty to fulfil
their mission of solving the food question
by devoting themselves to scientific management of farming as well as the mechanization
of agricultural techniques. In this,
it is absolutely necessary that our farmers themselves strive to raise their own standards
of scientific knowledge.
ITEM 5 New Form of Our Politics - Asahi Shimbun - 28 Nov 45. Translator: I. Kuniko.
We cannot doubt that JAPAN is a constitutional monarchy. It is the essential beauty
of our national polity that in our
country, though a Monarchy, the Emperor's will is that of the Nation, and sovereign
and subjects are inseparably united as
one. We have not heard that during the past 2600 years, the successive Emperors have
been oppressive or autocratic, and so,
nominally being a monarchy, JAPAN is substantially a democratic monarchy. Therefore,
in the execution of the POTSDAM
Declaration, we are not in need of revolutionizing our polity and will be able to
fulfil the Declaration by making use of our
original body politic.
The Emperor MEIJI, in the Five Articles of the Imperial Oath, declared that, "All
measures of government shall be discussed
generally and decided by public opinion." This declaration was a basis for the Imperial
Constitution granted by the Emperor.
It goes Without saying that a democratic polity is in accord with our traditional
idea.
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EDITORIAL SERIES: 41 (Continued)
ITEM 5 (Continued)
But, unfortunately, for the past 10 or more years, JAPAN has been ruled autocratically
by militarists and bureaucrats. On this
occasion, by wholesale purging of the minor privileged classes, our nation should
rebuild a constitutional monarchy for the
newly-born state.
The politics that are decided on by public opinion should be party politics. We can
create public opinion only by the
existence of political parties. As there are many opinions in society, more than two
parties are necessary to combine and
adjust them, and the duty of every party is to lead to one conclusion. This is a constitutional
state. Therefore, party
politics should be for the public. In this sense, the Government, by carrying out
the election as quickly as possible, should
let a major party take the reins of government. If there be persons who plot to revolutionize
the country, they do not
recognize the real condition of' our nation.
JAPAN is a moral country. For the past 2,600 years, the nation has worshipped the
Emperors as the head of our family, and the
successive Emperors also have been humane and peaceful to both their own and foreign
countries.
We are very sorry that in late years our country has been stigmatized as an aggressor
or imperialist. This has been neither
the Emperor's will nor the nation's wish. It is a consequence of the feudal behavior
of such minor privileged classes as
militarists and bureaucrats. They have disregarded the will of the Emperor and violated
our freedom of speech. The army and
navy, commanded by the Emperor, existed essentially to insure peace, and our ancestors
had promoted national interests and
welfare through the Emperor's government. The majority of the nation, I believe, desires
proper government by the Emperor and
opposes absolutely the discontinuance of an Emperor system.
This national belief is not only traditional, but comes from the fact that JAPAN
is substantially a peace-loving and homelike
country. However it cannot be denied that there are a few among us who are entertaining
misgivings as to this homelike
country. Do not most of then want to play the tyrant by misusing the Imperial orders
rather than to oppose government by the
Emperor? That the nation was led into the Greater East Asia War is only one of those
deep-rooted evils.
On this occasion our forces have been dissolved. To unite the Emperor and nation,
we must firmly reorganize the laws, systems,
and official circles, not to speak of the constitution. Such restrictive rules as
the Peace Regulations, the Wartime Special
Criminal Law, the Peacetime Police Law and others have been abolished or are being
deleted. The national rights and freedom of
speech, assembly, association, publication and others have been recovered. At the
same time we should not forget that a right
is a half of a duty, and liberty one side of order.
The Supreme Headquarters has stated that it is not going to force either American
or English democracy on JAPAN, but wishes us
to build a Japanese democracy as rapidly as possible. We should choose and adopt a
policy that will fit our nationality. It is
the gist of my declaration that we should firmly exclude all the obstacles to realization
of a democracy by which sovereign
and subjects are inseparably united as one body. In a word, not destruction, but construction.
(MIYASAWA, Yutaka, Member of Parliament)
DISTRIBUTION "X"
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