# I find at the End of the Revd Rev. mr Mr. Randals Sermon preached before the Society in Scotland in 1763. a letter from the Revd Rev. mr Mr. Samuel Mather of Bo&slong;ton Boston , in which he gives a very agreable agreeable & and ju&slong;t just account of the Indians at Onohoquage Onaquaga which he had from a per&slong;on person who had lived among them, & and who he Says al&slong;o also informed him, "That about 16 miles we&slong;t west of Onohoquage Onaquaga , there are 200 Indians, who gene- "rally talk Engli&slong;h English , & and who have an Indian teacher, who knows but little, " tho though he Seems well di&slong;po&slong;ed disposed . The&slong;e These Indians Seem well prepared for an Engli&slong;h English " mi&slong;&slong;ionary missionary " — The&slong;e These are the Indians above mentioned at Jeningo Chenango : and the acc.t account which mr Mr. Wheelock here has publi&slong;hed published he had from this Indian preacher, who is (5)"with Succe&slong;s success among the Mohawks, " " & and where they have got into the way of cultivating their Lands for a living, " & and So have more ability to Support their children, & and le&slong;s less occa&slong;ion occasion to ram- "ble abroad with them. But even in the&slong;e these places we may find it more dif- "ficult than we may imagin imagine before trial be made ( tho' though I would by no means " di&slong;courage discourage the trial of every fea&slong;ible feasible method for the accompli&slong;hing accomplishing this "great de&slong;ign design ) but by Acquaintance with the Schools which the Hon: Honourable Lon- "don Commi&slong;&slong;ioners Commissioners have, with pious Zeal, Set up & and maintained among "the Several tribes in the&slong;e these parts, I am much confirmed in the&slong;e these Sen- "timents. The&slong;e These parties live among&slong;t amongst , and are incompa&slong;&slong;ed encompassed by the Engli&slong;h English , have "long had good preaching, & and numbers of them appear to be truly godly. "Yet Such is the Savage temper of many, their want of due e&slong;teem esteem for "learning, & and gratitude to their benefactors, & and e&slong;pecially especially their want of Govern- "ment, that their Schoolma&slong;ters schoolmasters , tho though Skilful skillful & and faithful men, con&slong;tantly constantly com- "plain they can't keep their children in any mea&slong;ure measure con&slong;tant constant at School. " Mr Mr. Clelland the School-ma&slong;ter schoolmaster at Mohegan has often told me what unwea- "ried pains he had taken by vi&slong;iting visiting & and di&slong;cour&slong;ing discoursing with their parents, &c. etc. to " remidy remedy this evil, & and after all can't accompli&slong;h accomplish it. The children are Suffered "to neglect their attendance on in&slong;truction instruction , & and wa&slong;te waste much time, by which "means they don't learn So much in Several years as they might, & and others "do in one, who are taken out of the reach of their parents, & and out of the way "of Indian examples, & and are kept to School under good government & and con- "Stant in&slong;truction instruction . I the reather rather mention this In&slong;tance instance , becau&slong;e because of the well "known Skill & and fidelity of that good Gentleman, & and becau&slong;e because that tribe are as "much civilized, & and as many of them chri&slong;tianized christianized , as perhaps any party of "them in this government. And by all I can learn, it is no better in this re&slong;pect respect "with any other. They are So di&slong;affected disaffected towards a good & and nece&slong;&slong;ary necessary government, "that as gentle an exerci&slong;e exercise of it as may be, & and an&slong;wer answer the de&slong;ign design of keeping up "order & and regularity in any mea&slong;ure measure among them, will likely So di&slong;gu&slong;t disgust them as "to render the ca&slong;e case wor&slong;e worse reather rather than better. Captain Martain Martin Kellog Kellogg com‐ "plained of this as his great di&slong;couragement discouragement in the School at Stockbridge, not‐with&slong;tanding not‐withstanding he under&slong;tood understood , as well as any man, the di&slong;po&slong;itions dispositions of the Indians, and one of the Mohegan tribe taught & and Sent by mr Mr. Wheelock & and who has been often among them endeavouring to teach them according to his ability, with whom I am well acquainted, & and who told me that they were greatly prejudiced again&slong;t against the Engli&slong;h English as they removed to that place being turned off their land el&slong;e where elsewhere ; & and who went among them in 1763, & and could not preach to them as the man whom he expected to be his interpreter was not there & and none among them could interpret for him. This account he gave me immediately after his return. So that there mu&slong;t must be Some mi&slong;take mistake in mr Mr. Mathers Account (6)"and had the advantage of knowing their language & and cu&slong;toms customs , having been so "long a captive among them, & and was high in their affiction affection & and e&slong;teem esteem ; Yet he was "obliged to take the Children home to Weather&slong;field Wethersfield with him, quite away from "their parents, before he could exerci&slong;e exercise that government which was nece&slong;&slong;ary necessary "in order to their profitting profiting at School — And be&slong;ides besides all this they are so " extreemly extremely poor, & and depend so much upon hunting for a livelyihood, that they are "in no capacity to Support their children at School, if their di&slong;po&slong;ition disposition for it "were ever So good" i.e. in a con&slong;tant constant & and regular way. Some light may be thrown on this Subject by a letter from David Fowler an Indian School‐ma&slong;‐ ter schoolmas‐ter educated by mr Mr. Wheelock, dated, Onoida Oneida , June 24. 1765. — "My Scholars "learn very well, I have put eleven of them into a, b, ab. (i.e. 19 day after he begun the School) "I have three more that will advance to that place this week " & and Some have got to the Sixth page. It is a thou&slong;and thousand pities they cannot keep " togather together : they are often going about to git get their provi&slong;ion provision . One of the chiefs, "in who&slong;e whose hou&slong;e house I live, told me, he believed Some of the Indians would Starve "to death this Summer. Some of them have almo&slong;t almost con&slong;umed consumed all their corn "already." From hence it appears, that the go&slong;pelizing gospelizing the Indians is attend- ed with very great difficulties, & and were it not ab&slong;olutely absolutely nece&slong;&slong;ary necessary , the&slong;e these things would be Sufficient to di&slong;courage discourage any attempt; But where any thing anything is ne‐ ce&slong;&slong;ary ne‐cessary , & and of infinite importance (as this certainly is, both with regard to our‐ Selves as God's covenant people, & and to them as formed for immortality) the greater the difficulties are, the more vigourous Should be our efforts, & and if we fail in one attempt we Should try another. This is the way of men as to things of infinitely le&slong;s less importance. But ala&slong;s alas ! the children of this world are often wi‐ &slong;er wi‐ser in their generation than the children of Light. Let us not then be di&slong;cou‐ raged discou‐raged , but attend to what follows, which is humbly offered as the mo&slong;t most likely remidy remedy for the&slong;e these evils, & and which, by the ble&slong;&slong;ing blessing of God hath done more already, than any attempt which was ever before made.

About 27 years ago, the Revd Rev. mr Mr. Occom an Indian of the Mohegan tribe near New London in Connecticut in New England, was converted from pagan‐ i&slong;m pagan‐ism (as were a number be&slong;ides besides of that tribe) till 'til which time he had lived to- tally ignorant of the chri&slong;tian christian religion; being then betwen between 16 & and 17 years of age. After this he had a Strong de&slong;ire desire to learn to read the Scriptures. He ap- plied to Some Engli&slong;h English , who lived near his tribe, to in&slong;truct instruct him in his letters, &c. etc. & and by his diligent application, without any School, he was able to read brokenly in the Bible New Te&slong;tament Testament , & and Speak a little broken Engli&slong;h English when he was about 19 years old: at which time, hearing that the Revd Rev. mr Mr. Wheelock, whom he had heard preach among the Indians, & and for whom he had a high e&slong;teem esteem , had a number of Engli&slong;h English youths fitting for college, he had a de&slong;ire desire to go to him to be in&slong;tructed instructed for a few weeks in reading — Providence opened the way by his Mother going to mr Mr. Wheelock, who cheerfully took him, & and taught him 4 years, near one year of which time he was unable to Study thro' through indi&slong;po&slong;ition indisposition of body. His application (7)application to Study was So intence intense , that at the end of that time he hurt his eyes so as to be unable to per&slong;ue pursue his Studies, and was advi&slong;ed advised to go therefore went to Montauk on Long I&slong;land Island , & and taughta School among the Indians. there, who where he took the place of the Revd Rev. mr Mr. Horton who had been imployed employed among them by the Hon. Honourable Scotch Commi&slong;&slong;ioners Commissioners in N. New York. At his fir&slong;t first going to that place he taught School about a year & and half without Support from any So- ciety; but marrying, he found it nece&slong;&slong;ary necessary to have Some other help than he could procure by labour in vacant hours. He kept School both parts of the day, & and in the winter months Sea&slong;on season evenings al&slong;o also , attended their Sick, & and funerals, and prayed & and expounded the Scriptors Scriptures to them & and exhorted them every Sabbath & and did all the other parts of a teacher among them, So that his time being al‐ mo&slong;t al‐most wholly ingro&slong;ed engrossed he could do but little for his own Support. Some friends knowing his circum&slong;tances circumstances applied to the Hon: Honourable London Commi&slong;&slong;ionrs Commissioners in Bo&slong;ton Boston who gave him £15 Ster. per an: annum which they continued for mo&slong;t most of the 16 years he was there. But his family increa&slong;ing increasing greatly he was obliged to remove to his own land in Mohegan, in order to procure Some Support for them, & and here he had for one year £22:10 Ster: Sterling from the S.d said Hon: Honourable London Commi&slong;&slong;.rs Commissioners ; & and being 100 miles di&slong;tant distant from them, & and Surround- ed by the Hon: Honourable Scotch Commi&slong;&slong;.rs Commissioners in Connecticut, it was tho't thought be&slong;t best he Sho'd should be under their care; & and accordingly that Board in July 1764. prefered profferred a reque&slong;t request to have him di&slong;mi&slong;ed dismissed from the Board in Bo&slong;ton Boston to them, with the continuance of his Sallery salary ; which was readily done, only but they continued the Sallery salary only for that year: so that being much in debt before, he was now reduced to Some Straights as the Board in Connecticut had no means of relief for him, yet it plea&slong;ed pleased God to open the hearts of friends So that he did not Suffer. But to return.

About 8 years after mr Mr. Occom left mr Mr. Wheelock, i.e. in 1754. The Sent to the Revd Rev. mr Mr. John Branard Brainerd in New Jer&slong;ey Jersey for two boys in order to edu- cate them. He was encouraged to this by ob&slong;erving observing the Succe&slong;s success which mr Mr. occum Occom had among the Indians on long I&slong;land Island , who were filled with prejudices against their Mini&slong;ter minister the Revd Rev. mr Mr. Horton, & and all other mini&slong;ters ministers around, by the intemperate Zeal of Some exhorters from N. New England; & and who were happily cured by his prudent management among them, so as to attend to the Sober dic- tates of religion, & and Seing seeing that, by the divine ble&slong;&slong;ing blessing , his labours had been Succe&slong;ful successful by the divine ble&slong;&slong;ing blessing for the Saving good of Some; & and ob&slong;erving observing al&slong;o also that his own Na- tion, as well as tho&slong;e those adjacent who knew him, depended on him to con- duct their civil, as well as religious affairs, he concluded that the teaching the Indians by their own Sons was the mo&slong;t most likely way to Succe&slong;s success ; & and therefore procured the two boys above mentioned. When he took the&slong;e these two youths, he had no fund for their Support, nor Sufficient income for the Support of his own (8)numerous family; tho' though he had Some e&slong;tate estate in land or And from that time till 'til I left America, he never had any thing anything in hand for the Support of the cau&slong;e cause except twice a Small matter little more than to di&slong;charge discharge the debts in which he had in- volved his own e&slong;tate estate by it; And when he fir&slong;t first undertook this work, he says Page 14th 14th of his fir&slong;t first Narrative "I did not much think of any "thing more than only to clear my Self myself & and family of partaking in the "guilt publick public guilt of our land & and nation in such a neglect of them." After he had in&slong;tructed instructed the&slong;e these two Youths for near two years, one of them faling falling into a decline, he Sent him home, & and two more of the Delawar Delaware Tribe came in his place. And altho though the war Soon commenced, & and the face of Indian affairs appeared more & and more gloomy; yet Such was the good behaviour of the Boys, & and their proficiency in learning that he was incouraged encouraged to go on, & and gradually increa&slong;e increase the Number, So that in April 1757, he had four; & and in April 1759, five; & and Seven in November, 1760; & and eleven in Augu&slong;t August 1761, & and in Novem November 1762 he had no le&slong;s less than 25 in his School* * & and & and thus he went on to increa&slong;e increase the number till 'til in the whole he hath had between 40 & and 50 whome whom he Supports.

Mr Mr. Mr Mr. Wheelock's principle view hath been had all along been, to open a way to the Six na‐ tions, & and thro' through them, to more remote tribes, if the affair Should Succeed: But this could not be accompli&slong;hed accomplished at fir&slong;t first . Tho&slong;e those Nations had always been aver&slong;e averse to parting with their Children to go to the Engli&slong;h English . The Hon: Honourable Cadwalleder Cadwallader Colden Governor of New York told me, that he had tryied to obtain Some of their Children to have them educated, & and tho' though per&slong;onally personally acquainted & and intimate with many of them, could never prevail. Hence mr Mr. Whee- lock was under a nece&slong;&slong;ity necessity of begining beginning with tho&slong;e those Tribes who had Some acquaintance with the Engli&slong;h English , & and al&slong;o also with religion. Be&slong;ides besides , the War commencing, it was quite imprac- ticable, & and would have been e&slong;teemed esteemed wild & and extravagant indeed, to have made an attempt of this nature among Indians who were often in Su&slong;pence suspense what Side to take in the war; & and his propo&slong;al proposal to obtain them, when the war was ended, "was by many hardly to be account- ed for but by a di&slong;tempred distempered brain." By the time the War ended, he had taken four of the Delawar Delaware Nation from New Jer&slong;ey Jersey , one of whom was dead; & and two from Montauk on Long- I&slong;land Island in N. New York governm.t government & and only one from Connecticut, viz from Mohegan; & and Since that time hath never taken any from tho&slong;e those Nations, excepting 32 or 3 who were de&slong;ign'd designed for trades after they had learned to read, write, & and keep common accounts, & and the&slong;e these were are not reckoned in the School.

The attempt to procure youths from the Six Nations at fir&slong;t first was hazardous, & and would require Some con&slong;iderable considerable expience expense , & and had mr Mr. Wheelock attempted it without any help from Some Society, & and without money to Support the charge of So extraor- dinary an enterprize enterprise , theyre would have been Still more danger ifthat he would have been reproached as ra&slong;h rash & and pre&slong;umptious presumptuous . Therefore in May 1761, he ap- plied to the Hon: Honourable Scotch Commi&slong;&slong;rs Commissioners in Bo&slong;ton Boston , who approving the de&slong;ign design of Sending for children of remote tribes, pa&slong;&slong;ed passed a vote on May 7. to this purpo&slong;e purpose , That m.r Mr. Wheelock be de&slong;ired desired to fit out David Fowler an Indian youth to acom‐pany accom‐pany the Revd Rev. mr Mr. Occom on a Mi&slong;&slong;ion mission to Onoida Oneida , & and that Said David be Supported on Sd said Mi&slong;&slong;ion mission a term not not exceeding 4 months, & and that he endeavour, to bring on his return, to bring down three Boys to be put under mr Mr. Wheelocks care & and that £20 be put into mr Mr. Wheelocks hand to carry on the de&slong;ign design ; & and that when (9) Said Sum Shall be expended, he advi&slong;e advise the trea&slong;urer treasurer of it & and Send his accounts for allowance. This was accordingly done & and the thre three boys procured & and Sent to mr Mr. Wheelock. This was the fir&slong;t first opening among the back nations, & and was much facilitated by mr Mr. Occom & and David Fowler, going up among them (who had been educated in mr Mr. Wheelocks School) going up among them & and giving them a favourable Idea of the de&slong;ign design , & and e&slong;pecially especially by the influance influence & and a&slong;&slong;i&slong;tance assistance of Sir W.m William John&slong;on Johnson . Incouraged Encouraged by this countenance from the Board, Mr Mr. Wheelock applied to the General A&slong;&slong;embly Assembly of Ma&slong;&slong;echu&slong;ets Massachusetts Bay the November following, who granted him £54 Ster: Sterling on which incouragement encouragement he took Six more Children of the Six Nations, tru&slong;ting trusting providence for the Supply of what that Sum Should fall Short in their Support. This Sum of £54 Ster. Sterling that Hon: Honourable A&slong;&slong;em‐ bly Assem‐bly have granted forto mr Mr. Wheelock from year to year Since; & and by the charities of the pious in & and about Bo&slong;ton Boston , Port&slong;mouth Portsmouth , Connecticut, New York & and Phila- delphia, & and Some kind, unexpected providential Supplies from friends of the cau&slong;e cause in Great Britain, the School hath been hither to hitherto Supported; tho' though no mo- ney hath ever been in hand more than Sufficient to di&slong;chare discharge pre&slong;ent present debts ( wch which Some times sometimes have been very con&slong;iderable considerable without any human pro&slong;piect prospiect of relief) & and , to twice only, to keep the School a few weeks.

In this number of youth there was one Mr Mr. Kirtland the Son of a Mini&slong;ter minister in Norwich in New England, & and Since there have been three or four more En‐ gli&slong;h En‐glish youth taken in to be trained up as a&slong;&slong;ociates associates with the Indians in their Mi&slong;&slong;ions missions , & and Several who have had the mo&slong;t most of their education at their own expence expense are now imployed employed as mi&slong;&slong;ionaries missionaries among the Indians, & and Sup- ported by this Charity.

In Novem.r November. 1764, Mr Mr. Kirtland & and Jo&slong;eph Joseph Wolley Woolley an Indian youth, Set out for the Six Nations in order to winter among them. The They went to Onohoquage Onaquaga where Jo&slong;eph Joseph continued with the Indians till 'til the next fall teaching School & and in&slong;tructing instructing them in the things of God & and Je&slong;us Jesus Chri&slong;t Christ in which he appeared to be much ingaged engaged . Mr Mr. Kirtland went from thence to Fort John&slong;on Johnson , & and tarried with Sir W.m William John&slong;on Johnson learning the Mohawk language, till 'til the 17th 17th of January following, & and then traveled on boat in company with two Seneca Indians, about 250 miles thro' through a Snow four feet deep, & and till 'til he came to the Seneca Na‐ tion who are numerous, among whom he continued till 'til the Spring of 1766, & and Suffered many hard&slong;hips hardships , & and was often in great danger of being murdered by Some of that Savage Nation — But God pre&slong;irved preserved him; & and by him hath opened a hopeful pro&slong;pect prospect of carrying the ble&slong;&slong;ed blessed go&slong;pel gospel among that numerous and Savage tribe.

Be&slong;ides Besides the&slong;e these The encouraging accounts which mr Mr. Kirtland gave of the di&slong; po&slong;ition diisposition of the Indians & and their earne&slong;st earnest de&slong;ire desire to Send their Children to mr Mr. Whee- lock & and to have teachers come among them, excited him to look out for Some En- gli&slong;h English 10 gli&slong;h glish mi&slong;&slong;ionaries missionaries to Sentd out with tho&slong;e those Indian youth who were quallified qualified for in&slong;tructing instructing the heathen. Mr Mr. Wheelock was incouraged encouraged to Send tho&slong;e those Engli&slong;h English Mi&slong;‐&slong;ionaries mis‐sionaries by the confidence which he knew the&slong;e these Indians had in him, as Sincerely Seeking their good, of which they were per&slong;waded persuaded by his educating their Children: & and al&slong;o also by the earne&slong;t earnest de&slong;ire desire they expre&slong;&slong;ed expressed of being in&slong;tructed instructed having mini&slong;ters ministers Sent among them, of which they had been de&slong;titute destitute for Several years. Accordingly he called the Hon: Honourable Board of Commi&slong;&slong;.rs Commissioners in Connecticty Connecticut to meet on the 12th 12th of March 1765 in order to examine me&slong;&slong; .rs Messrs. Titus Smith & and Theo: Theophilus Chamberlain as mi&slong;&slong;ionaries missionaries , David Fowler, a Montauk Indian, Hezekiah Calvin, a Dielaware, Mo&slong;es Moses , Johannes, Abraham primus, Abraham Secundus & and Peter, Mohawks as Schoolma&slong;ters schoolmasters : ac- cordingly we met; & and providence So ordered it, that at the very time we were gathering, three Indians arived arrived from Onohoquage Onaquaga , having traviled traveled on foot 300 miles thro' through the Snow; & and at the Same in&slong;tant instant al&slong;o also came in mr Mr. Gun Gunn the Interpre- ter, who was well acquainted with tho&slong;e those indians, by whom we were able to under- stand them & and they us. Thus the&slong;e these three parties met, in le&slong;s less than half an hour, from places 300 miles di&slong;tant distant , without any previous appointment or the lea&slong;t least know- ledge of each others de&slong;ign design . Their Arrand errand was to a&slong;k ask for a mini&slong;ter minister to go & and preach Chri&slong;t Christ to them, & and Said they had had no mini&slong;ter minister for a great while. The Board examined and approved the Candidates; & and on the 24th 24th of April following they two were or- dained, & and commi&slong;&slong;ioned commissioned by the Board as Mi&slong;&slong;ionaries missionaries , who went to the Six nations in company with the Schoolma&slong;ters schoolmasters who were placed in Schools among them & and in the Autum autumn following they had in their Schools about 130 children, who made good proficiency in reading, tho though they knew not a letter ( mo&slong;t most of them) when they went among them: And by a letter from mr Mr. Wheelock Since I am informed that he had accounts of above 100 children in only four of tho&slong;e those Schooles schools la&slong;t last Summer.

Thus I have given as hone&slong;t honest , plain, tho though imperfect, an hi&slong;tory history of the ri&slong;e rise & and pro- gre&slong;s gress of this School as I am capable of in So Short a cumpa&slong;s compass : and I per&slong;wad persuade my-&slong;elf my-self that it will ea&slong;ily easily appear, that this plan is more likely to obviate the before- mientioned difficulties, than any other that hath been attempted, & and is incomparably better than to depend wholly on Engli&slong;h English mi&slong;&slong;:rs: missionaries for, let it be ob&slong;erved observed

1. The Indians entertain no Jealou&slong;ies jealousies of their own Children as having a de&slong;ign design of defrauding them of their Lands, their intere&slong;t interest being one; So ye the grand objection is removed.

2. An Indian Mi&slong;&slong;ionary missionary may be Supported wth with le&slong;s less than half the expence expense , that will be nece&slong;&slong;ary necessary for the Support of an Engli&slong;h English Mi&slong;&slong;ionary missionary , who can't conform to their manner of living, & and who can have no dependance on them for any part of it; but on the contrary, they will be always expecting Some favours from him, which will not be the ca&slong;e case with an Indian.

3. Hereby the great expence expense of an Interpreter will be Saved, as the Indians will Speak to them in their own language & and So be able to addre&slong;s address them with more pathos & and energy; & and be in a capacity more readily to prevent any ri&slong;ing rising jealou&slong;ies jealousies & and difficulties which may be breading breeding among them, & and which could not be ea&slong;ily easily di&slong;covered discovered by one who is ignorant of their language. 4. Indian Mi&slong;&slong;ionaries missionaries may be Suppo&slong;ed supposed better to under&slong;tand understand the tempers & and Cu&slong;toms customs of the Indians, & and more readily conform to them in a thou&slong;and thousand things than the Engli&slong;h English (11)can, & and in things wherein their nonconformity may cau&slong;e cause di&slong;gu&slong;t disgust , & and by them be con&slong;trued construed as the fruit of pride, or it may be, Something wor&slong;e worse .

5.The Influence of their own Sons among them will likely be much greater than of any Engli&slong;hman Englishman whatever. They will look upon Such as one of them; their Intere&slong;t interest the Same with theirs: & and will naturally e&slong;teem esteem him as the hon– of their Nation, & and be more ready to be advi&slong;ed advised & and Submit to his reproofs, than to any Engli&slong;h English mi&slong;&slong;ionary missionary ; & and e&slong;pecially especially will they, more patiently, endure ye the di&slong;cipline discipline nece&slong;&slong;ary necessary in a School from one of their own nation than from the Engli&slong;h English . This is abundantly evident in the ca&slong;e case of mr Mr. Occom, who taught School a long time among the Indians at Montauk, where, he Says, he could, without offence, u&slong;e use any nece&slong;&slong;ary necessary Severity with the Children & and reprove the Parents for any fault: & and even among his own tribe his influence is much greater than any other man's in that whole government, as well as among all the tribes in that vicinity

6.The great difference between the Engli&slong;h English manner of living, & and that of the Indians cau&slong;es causes them to di&slong;pare despair of immitating imitating them; but when they See their own Sons capable of hu&slong;bandry husbandry & and a decent life, this hath already, & and will pro- pably pro-bably continue more & and more to animate them to indu&slong;try industry & and hu&slong;bandry husbandry , that they al&slong;o also may partake of the Sweets of life, & and not be so frequently reduced to a Staving starving condition, which a dependance dependence on hunting di&slong;po&slong;es disposes them to. And this is the mo&slong;t most likely means of preventing their rambling, & and collecting them to‐ gather to‐gether in compact bodies, & and fixing them in Setled settled habitations; which will effec- tually prevent their going to war with us, as then their property will be fixed, & and not ea&slong;ily easily removed, & and therefor therefore expo&slong;ed exposed to be de&slong;troyed destroyed , & and they ruined in ca&slong;e case of a war, & and will al&slong;o also incline them to u&slong;e use their Influence with the more defiant nations to keep them in peace; & and to defend us when theyre Shall be war, as they will be our fronteer frontier , & and mo&slong;t most liable to Suffer. This al&slong;o also will bring them under better advantages for in&slong;truction instruction , as they will not need to ramble for their foodt. Let me add here al&slong;o also , that this will be of inconceivable advantage to the trade of this Nation, as every civilized Indian will take a con&slong;iderable considerable quantity of Briti&slong;h British ma- nufactories yearly. Be&slong;ides Besides , this will enable them to procure a living from the one fiftieth hundreth part of the land which is now nece&slong;&slong;ary necessary for them to hunt on, & and the re&slong;idue residue may be improved by the Engli&slong;h English , without any injury to the Indians when once they learn hu&slong;bandry husbandry , & and hereby the briti&slong;h british Colonies can be extended, & and the people there be under no nece&slong;&slong;ity necessity of going into ma- nufactories; which they never will, while they have Sufficient land to improve.

7. The Friend&slong;hip friendship and acquaintance which the Indian boys, from di&slong;tinct distinct Tribes & and places, will contract & and cultivate, while togather together , at School, may be (12)improved much for the benefit advantage & and furtherance of their Mi&slong;&slong;ion mission

8. In this School, children of different nations may, & and ea&slong;ily easily will, learn one ano- thers language, & and Engli&slong;h English youth may learn of them; & and thereby Save the va&slong;t vast expence expense of Interpreters, & and their mini&slong;try ministry be much more acceptable, & and edify‐ ing to the Indians.

9. Indian mi&slong;&slong;ionaries missionaries will readily own Engli&slong;h English ones, who Shall be a&slong;&slong;ociated associated with them (where the Engli&slong;h English can be introduced) as elder brethren, e&slong;pecially especially while they are So much dependant on the Engli&slong;h English for a Support — & and they will mutually help each other to recommend the de&slong;ign design to the favourable reception of the pagans, remove their prejudices, conciliate their friend&slong;hip friendship , & and indce induce them to repo&slong;e repose due confidence in the Engli&slong;h English .

10. The Indians being acquainted with the Engli&slong;h English language, will thereby be naturally bound to them, (for all know how Strong the tie of language is) & and will of cour&slong;e course be naturally di&slong;po&slong;ed disposed to trade with the people they can under- Stand; & and will al&slong;o also have the advantage of knowing what deeds & and other writings they Sign, by which they will be guarded from tho&slong;e those impo&slong;itions impositions , which have been the ground of their Jealo&slong;ies jealousies , & and co&slong;t cost the Engli&slong;h English So much blood & and trea&slong;ure treasure

11. Indians bro't brought up for mi&slong;&slong;ionaries missionaries in this School, & and the Engli&slong;h English youth al&slong;o also are not likely to for&slong;ake forsake the bu&slong;ine&slong;s business of their mi&slong;&slong;ion mission , as they are will not likely to probably be invited to churches among the Engli&slong;h English ; and as they will have the induce- ment to continue among the Indians which no Engli&slong;h English man can have, viz. that they will nece&slong;&slong;arily necessarily be e&slong;teemed esteemed , honoured & and advanced among them on account of their Superior knowledge. This has been the ca&slong;e case mo&slong;t most evidently with mr Mr. Occom who hath more influence & and honour among his own Nation & and all the Tribes around them, than any Sachim sachem of the back nations hath among them. tho&slong;e those Mi&slong;&slong;ionaries missionaries 12 where as whereas there are very few in&slong;tances instances of Engli&slong;h English Mi&slong;&slong;.rs missionaries who have had a delicate education, but have Soon prefered preferred the plea&slong;ures pleasures of Society & and a field of more exten&slong;ive extensive u&slong;efulne&slong;s usefulness , of which they have had a fairer pro&slong;pect prospect of among the Engli&slong;h English , to the regions of Igno- rance, & and hard&slong;hips hardships of life in a dreary Wilderne&slong;s wilderness , where their improvements in learning & and Science are hid, & and they Seem almo&slong;t almost lo&slong;t lost to them&slong;elves themselves & and the world.

If the above ob&slong;ervations observations are ju&slong;t just , it is ea&slong;y easy for the attentive mind to See that the School before de&slong;cribed described is exactly calculated to an&slong;wer answer all the difficulties which have hitherto ob&slong;tructed obstructed this glorious work beyond any thing anything which hath yet been attempted. And if the Indians can be bro't brought to agriculture & and live decently, it will tend to cure them of the vice of drinking to exce&slong;s excess , which hath ever been a great ob&slong;truction obstruction to the progre&slong;s progress of the Go&slong;pel Gospel among them, & and rendered it dangerous for mi&slong;&slong;ionaries missionaries to be among them. The in&slong;tance instance of mr Mr. Occoms nation is a full proof of this. Formerly they were, like other Indians, addicted to drinking to exce&slong;s excess , but now they cultivate their lands & and have the comforts (13)of life they are as free from that vice as perhaps any So large a num- ber of people togather together among the Engli&slong;h English .

I do not pretend that this plan is So perfect as to be incapable of improve- ment; but am Sen&slong;ible sensible it is yet defic nece&slong;&slong;arily necessarily deficient in many re&slong;pects respects & and time, with experience, may di&slong;cover discover many more defects, than do now occur. Give me leave to hint one or two things which go belong to the plan, & and which can't at pre&slong;ent present be accompli&slong;hed accomplished for want of Supplies.

1. It is propo&slong;ed proposed to obtain a large tract of land nearer the back Indians in order to erect the School, & and imploy employ a great Number of Indian Youth of different nations in hu&slong;bandry husbandry as well as So much learning as Shall be nece&slong;&slong;ary necessary for common bu&slong;ine&slong;s business ; & and to train up a number of Girls to all the bu&slong;ine&slong;s business of hou&slong;-wifery housewifery & and Such trades as Shall render them u&slong;eful useful in their families; & and al&slong;o also to teach the Indians lads Such trades as will en- able them to promote hu&slong;bandry husbandry &c etc. among their own Nations. This was the plan propo&slong;ed proposed by the Revd Rev. mr Mr. Seargent of Stockbridge, & and adopted by the Hon. Honourable Society in London & and mr Mr. David Bainard, & and was generally approved.

2. It is propo&slong;ed proposed that the Indian youths, who have been taught to read & and write well, & and Some of whom are of other nations & and languages, Should go accompanied by Such Engli&slong;h English youth as are de&slong;igned designed for a Mi&slong;&slong;ion mission , to Some nation where they are likely to be imployed employed in order to Set up Schools to teach the chil- dren Engli&slong;h English , while they perfect them&slong;elves themselves in their own or a Strange lan- guage — This indeed is now per&slong;ued pursued with re&slong;pect respect to a number, but need's larger Supplies to carry it into thorough execution.

This whole Scheem scheme Seems to bid So farr far for Succe&slong;s success ; & and the effects of it have already been So remarkable, that I freely own, That after my intimate ac- quaintance with it for Several years I am not able to form any objection of any weight again&slong;t against it: And yet I have heard of three objections wch which have been improved to its di&slong;advantage disadvantage , which I beg leave now to obviate.

1. The great expence expense of taking Indian youth from their parents & and educat- ing them among the engli&slong;h English is objected to this plan.

What I have Said already is would be a Sufficient an&slong;wer answer to this objection were it not for an Extract from Dr Chancy Chauncy 's Sermon preach in Bo&slong;ton Boston at the ordination of mr Mr. Bowman on Augu&slong;t August 31. 1762, which I find publi&slong;he published here at the end of the Revd Rev. mr Mr. Randals Sermon, preach before the Society in Edenburgh Edinburgh , for pro- moting chri&slong;tian christian knowledge; His words are "We have have not incouraged encouraged the "Sending the&slong;e these Boys; & and , as we imagine, for very good rea&slong;ons reasons . The charge of bring- "ing them from their own homes, & and educating them among us, would be very "great. We have felt the truth of this, as we lately found our&slong;elves ourselves obliged to "pay nearly £60. Sterling in le&slong;s less than one year for three Boys only."

The&slong;e These boys were under mr Mr. Wheelocks care; & and I freely own that this expence expense is very great. As it is natural for every one everyone to under&slong;tand understand by this account that, three Boys (14)only would ordinarily co&slong;t cost near £60 Sterling in le&slong;s less than one year, per- haps in eight or nine months. But the Dr Dr. was unhappily mi&slong;taken mistaken as to the fact, which was this. David Fowler was on a mi&slong;&slong;ion mission near four months in which he Spent (including the expence expense of fitting him out) near £15. Ster: Sterling He procured & and Sent down three Mohawk Lads, they each brot brought a hor&slong;e horse which mr Mr. Wheelock was obliged to keep in a time of great drought; they all came little better than naked, except one who had Some cloths clothes ; He cloathed clothed them all — In about three months, one being in a decline when he came was obliged to return, and another to accompany him, The expence of their Journey back about miles we&slong;t west one Soon died, the other married & and did not return. The third accompanied mr Mr. Kirtland about 200 miles to procure two more to Supply their place, which journey was expen&slong;ive expensive ; the two they obtained came naked were to be clothed which added to the expence expense ; So that in Stead instead of "three Boys only" there was the clothing & and firni&slong;hing furnishing David Fowler with hor&slong;e horse & and money for his long journey of Several months; the Expence expense of the Boys journey home above 200 miles; the expence expense of Kirtlands Journey (excepting his hor&slong;e horse ) to bring down the other two; the pa&slong;turing pasturing their hor&slong;es horses in a dry & and difficult Sea&slong;on season ; the cloath- ing cloth-ing all five & and repairing their cloathing clothing while they tarried; their Boarding Schooling, wa&slong;hing washing , lodging, firewood, Candles, books, paper, &c. etc. the amount of all which. for near twelve months was, errors excepted, ju&slong;t just £58.17.S.7 ¼d Sterling: Hence it appears that the Dr Dr. was gro&slong;ly grossly mi&slong;taken mistaken , when he Says "for three boys only" It is a pitty pity he had not examined the ca&slong;e case more thoro'ly thoroughly before he publi&slong;hed published concerning it, which he had the faire&slong;t fairest oppertunity opportunity for as he was Chairman of the Committee when the bill account was carried in: and it is a debt he owes to the world & and to truth to own his mi&slong;take mistake & and Set this affair in a true light, as it re&slong;pects respects a matter of fact.. But this whole II. affair is Set in a more full light in mr Mr. Wheelocks Narrative printed in Bo&slong;ton Boston Page. 39-45. which has never be replied to by the D.r Dr.

II. The Second objection is, That the mo&slong;t most of the Indian youth which mr Mr. Wheelock hath had in his School are taken from the civilized & and chri&slong;tianized christianized Indians in Connecticut.

This is al&slong;o also a gro&slong; gross mi&slong;take mistake : for So intimately as I am acquainted with the School, I know of but two Indians in it or that ever were in it, which belonged to connecticut, & and one of tho&slong;e those , as I remember, was de&slong;igned designed for a trade and the other for a farmer. mr Mr. Occom indeed is another exception; but he had left mr Mr. Wheelock 8 or 9 years before he had the tho'ts thoughts of a School, & and never was reckond reckoned as one oft of it .

III. It is al&slong;o also objected, that it would be a much better & and cheaper way to learn the Indians to read in their own language than to teach them Engli&slong;h English . In an‐ &slong;wer an‐swer to this I would ob&slong;erve observe

1. There are no books in the language of any of the back nations, except the P&slong;alms Psalms & and a few other pa&slong;&slong;ages passages of Scripture in the Mohawk language; & and it is next to impo&slong;&slong;ible impossible to find any man to whom it would be Safe to tru&slong;t trust the (15)work of tran&slong;lating translating the Scriptures into that or any other back Indian language.

2. If the Bible & and Some other good books were tran&slong;lated translated into any one language which is known in America, it would be of u&slong;e use to but a compa‐retively compa‐ratively Small number, as the &slong; s language differs generally ever every hundred or 2 miles, not only in its Idiom, but in the very words as much as the Welch Welsh differs from the Engli&slong;h English ; So that there would require many tran&slong;lations translations , which, as they it would not be exceeding difficult to procure them, if not impo&slong;&slong;ible impossible , So the impre&slong;‐ &slong;ions impres‐sions of them mu&slong;t must be very expen&slong;ive expensive .

I have now only to add a few motives which tend to influence the pious & and be- nevolent to exert them&slong;elves themselves for the Support of this School & and of the mi&slong;&slong;ionaries missionaries & and Schoolma&slong;ter schoolmaster who are & and may be Sent from it into the Wilderne&slong;s wilderness to in&slong;truct instruct the peri&slong;hing perishing pagans in reading, writing, religion & and the civil arts.

1. The con&slong;ideration consideration of the low & and wretched condition in which they live, Should ex- cite us to this. Their habitations are u&slong;ually usually made of the Bark of trees, & and are in&slong;uffi‐cien't insuffi‐cient to difend defend them from the rain & and cold . their lodging the cold earth or ye the bark of a tree, & and at be&slong;t best the Skin of a Bare bear or some other bea&slong;t beast — their food, the fle&slong;h flesh of wild bea&slong;ts beasts they take in hunting which they commonly eat without Salt, & and frequent- ly without bread, as they are unacquainted with hu&slong;bandry husbandry , & and rai&slong;e raise no bread corn, except Mai&slong;e maize or Indian corn, of which the they Sildom seldom have a Sufficiency. And they, depending on hunting, are often Starved thro' through want. Now, if we are required to deal our bread to the hungry, where can we find more proper objects? e&slong;&slong;pecially especially as there are So many thou&slong;ands thousands & and millions of the&slong;e these unhappy wretches, & and a Smal small matter comparatively, will be Sufficient to bring them to be able to Support them&slong;elves themselves .

2. They have Souls as will well as we, & and are capable of the Same happine&slong;s happiness or mi- &slong;ery; sery & and therefore love to their immortal part Should excite us to endeavour to Spread the Go&slong;pel Gospel among them, without which they cannot be Saved in God's ordinary way. And can we pretend to be the followers of X Christ & and partakers of his Spirit, & and yet be in- different to the happine&slong;s happiness or mi&slong;ery misery of their precious Souls!

3. God hath evidently intimated his di&slong;plea&slong;ure displeasure at our neglect, in Suffering the Indians to be Such a Sore Scurge scourge to the Briti&slong;h British Colonies, in barbarou&slong;ly barbarously butch- ering & and murdering the inhabitants, captivating their Sons, da&slong;hing dashing their little ones again&slong;t against the Stones, & and burning & and laying wa&slong;t waste the country, for near a hundred miles togather together as the they did the la&slong;t last war: all which might have been prevented, had there been Suitable pains taken in time to Send pious, zealous mi&slong;&slong;ionaries missionaries among them, e&slong;pecially especially of their own Sons, who being trained up with the Engli&slong;h English would naturally have an attachment to them, & and by various means might have prevented their engaging in a war. "There is good rea&slong;on reason to think, that if one half which has been laid out in building forts, maning manning & and Supporting them, & and in pre&slong;ents presents to buy the friend&slong;hip friendship of the Indians, had been prudently laid out in Supporting faithful mi&slong;&slong;ior.s missionaries & and School ma&slong;ters schoolmasters among them, that the more in&slong;tructed instructed , & and civilized party would have been a better defence, than all the expen&slong;ive expensive fortre&slong;&slong;es fortresses & and prevented the laying wa&slong;te waste So many towns & and villages: Witne&slong;s witness the con&slong;equence consequence of Sending mr Mr. Sergeant to Stock- bridge, which was in the very road by wch which they mo&slong;t most u&slong;ually usually came upon our people, & and by wch which there hath never been one attact attack made upon us, since his going there" Sir W.m William John&slong;on Johnson in a letter to mr Mr. Occom, Say "Every Indian in the near Onoida Oneida Ca&slong;tle Castle , the Oghquagoes Onaquagas , Mohawks, Schoharees Schoharies , & and Candia Indians are determined to live & and die with the Engli&slong;h English ; owing in a great mea&slong;ure measure to the little knowledge they have of our religion, which I heartily wi&slong;h wish was more known to them & and the re&slong;t rest ."

4. The great obligations which lie on us as God's Covent people, who have all we injoy enjoy more than they in a covent way, & and So are bound to devote all to the Glory of our liberal benefactor, Should be a motive to excite us to liberallity liberality in this work.

5. The conver&slong;ion conversion of the heathen is that on wh which the heart of the great Redeemer is greatly Sit set — for he shall be Sati&slong;fied Satisfied whe when he Sees of the travil of his Soul. And can we be indif- ferent in that in which he is So ingaged engaged ! did he become poor, that we might be rich; & and Shall we grudge a little of our Sub&slong;tance Substance & and pains for to Save tho&slong;e those Souls for which he died! Surely if the love of Chri&slong;t Christ dwells in us we Shall think nothing too much or too hard that is in our power in order to Set X Christ on his throne among the heathien

6. The Spreading knowledge & and Civility among the Indians will greatly increa&slong;e increase the trade & and wealth of this nation, as they will then wear the briti&slong;h british manufacturies, which article alone would every year far more than compen&slong;ate compensate the annual expence expense of in&slong;tructing instructing them

7. There are many promi&slong;&slong;es promises of God that X's Christ's Kingdom Shall come among the hea‐ then; & and therefore we have good rea&slong;on reason to believe our endeavours will not be fruitle&slong;s fruitless

8 The de&slong;ign design is carried far already by that eminant eminent , faithful Servant of God mr Mr. Wheelock, who with infinite pains & and labour & and to the hazard of his own e&slong;tate estate , hath trained up a number who are now imployed employed in teaching the heathen; & and if he can't be incouraged encouraged to go on, who will ever attempt the like again

9. Many are willing to go out & and Suffer the hard&slong;hips hardships of Such a wilderne&slong;s wilderness life, & and for&slong;ake forsake every comfort that re&slong;ults results from Society & and plenty, & and go thro through dangers & and fateagues fatigues . too many & and great to be here de&slong;cribed described ; And this they have done hitherto without any other encouragement but that which hath aro&slong;e arose from the hope of Spreading the Go&slong;pel Gospel among their peri&slong;hing perishing fellow men, & and from the promi&slong;&slong;es promises of a future reward in Glory; & and can any who bare bear the name of Chri&slong;tians Christians be backward to give of their Sub&slong;tance substance to fead feed & and cloath clothe them, while they bear the burden & and heat of the day — Surely we Should bear one anothers burdens & and So fulfil fulfill the Law of Chri&slong;t Christ .

10. And not to add. The gracious incouragement encouragement given by God him&slong;elf himself , & and his many promi&slong;&slong;es promises that he will reward, even in this life, with temporal ble&slong;&slong;ings blessings & and in the life to come with eternal advantage, whatever is given for the advance- ment of his cau&slong;e cause here Should awaken us to Such acts of charity & and piety. Many are the promi&slong;es promises to this purpo&slong;e purpose — Ca&slong;t Cast thy bread on the Waters, & and thou Shall find it after many days. The liberal Soul devi&slong;eth deviseth liberal things, & and by liberal things Shall he Stand Ble&slong;&slong;ed blessed is the man that con&slong;idereth considereth the poor, the Lord Shall be with him in time of trouble, &c. etc. &c. etc. &c. etc. And this is one yea the principle thing which Chri&slong;t Christ will at la&slong;t last acknowledge as the mark of his di&slong;ciples disciples , & and will reward with eternal Joy: He Shall then Say to them on his right hand, Come ye ble&slong;&slong;ed blessed of my father inhierit the Kingdom — for I was an hungred hungered , & and ye gave me meet meat , I was athur&slong;t athirst , & and ye gave me drink — — In as much Inasmuch as ye did it to one of the lea&slong;t least of the&slong;e these my brethren, ye did it to me —

May we be of this happy number, Amen & and amen —