Press translations [Japan]. Social Series 0048, 1945-12-01.
Date1 December, 1945
translation numbersocial-0167
call numberDS801 .S84
Persistent Identifier
SOCIAL SERIES: 48
ITEM 1 Metropolitan Police Board Decides to Control TOKYO Black Markets - Asahi Shimbun - 27 Nov 45. Translator. Y. Akabane.
Summary:
In order to control overflowing street stalls which present not only confusion but
afford hot beds for black marketing, the
Metropolitan Police Board issued instructions on 26 November to all the police offices
in TOKYO, the context of which is as
follows:
1. Guidance of stall merchants trade associations. -
In order to strengthen self-control for these associations, their branches must be
established, one in each police
jurisdiction, and stall merchants must obtain permission from the branch prior to
opening stalls. Branches must have
overseers, who control offenders and act as advisers to applicants who intend opening
stalls.
2. Arrangements of stall area. -
At present, stall merchants number 600 in SHINJUKU, 500 in ASAKUSA, 450 in GINZA,
300 in UENO and over 3,000 in all TOKYO.
Each of the chiefs of the police offices shall decide places, extensions and prohibitions
of stalls within his jurisdiction.
No stall can be opened outside the designated places.
3. Prices, -
Compared with a certain period after the war, prices of commodities sold at these
stalls have shown marked reductions and are
approaching those of free markets. However, some articles, including perishable foods
now out of control, are still sold at
exorbitant prices. Stalls must show prices of goods sold and no goods are allowed
to be sold before passing a price
examination.
ITEM 2 MAINICHI Conference of Shareholders - Mainichi Shimbun - 27 Nov 45. Translator. H. Nishihara.
Full Translation:
With a view to bringing about a clarification for the responsibility of the war and
a democratization of the MAINICHI
Newspaper Company, president TAKAISHI and other directors resigned. An extraordinary
general meeting of the shareholders was
held on 26 November when new directors and inspectors were formally appointed.
In preparation for this formal appontment the following measures were taken:
SOCIAL SERIES: 48 (Continued)
ITEM 2 (Continued)
Following the resignation of all directors, a meeting was held by 14 comittee members
selected from TOKYO, OSAKA and SEIBU
offices and included Messrs. TAKATA, SHIKAKURA and YAMADA, to consult about the appointments
of new directors. Because of the
decision reached this meeting, a committee, whose members were selected by all employees
of the three offices, has recommended
the new directors, Their selection has been based on the permise that the directors
must be the representatives of the
emplyees and not the owners. Consultation with the former directors was made, and
no objection was revealed. Thus all measures
were taken in accordance with the full consent of the employees.
At the extraordinary general meeting of shareholders, the following directors and
inspectors were newly appointed." Directors,
NAGATO, Masaji, KANDA, Itsuo, HONDA, Chikao, KAMO, Katsuo, TSUKADA. Ippo, HIRANO,
Turo, NIITANI, Shigezo, and KUSUYAMA,
Gitaro. Inspectors; OOISHI, Kiwamu, NAKAJIMA, Sukebumi and NAKATA, Yoshio.
ITEM 3 Scientific Education of Children - Asahi Shimbun - 27 Nov 45. Translator: Y. Akabane.
Summary:
For the purpose of investigating a new method of scientific research and education,
the Scientific Bureau of the Education
Ministry opened a joint meeting of the Conference for Educational Research (GAKUJCTSU
KENKYUKAIGI), and the Society for the
promotion of Japanese Science (NIPPON KAGAKU SHINKOKAI). On 22 November, another meeting
of scientific educationists took
place. This meeting dealt with primary and middle schools and resulted in the following
decision:
1. International exchange of science.
The Conference for Educational Research was very active during the war in developing
and improving instruments of war. But it
must now return to its original function of scientific research in all fields and
must also attempt to raise Japanese science
to former levels through international exchange of ideas.
2. Unification of control over scientific studies.
The Imperial Academy (TEIKOKU GAKUSHIIN), the Conference for Educational Research,
and the Society for the Promotion of
Japanese science shall act as one body for better unification cooperation in the future.
3. Independent allotments for research expenses.
No fixed allotments have been given to universities, and the amounts alloted for
books and laboratory equipment have been very
insignificant. Sufficient expenses must be allowed to universities for the promotion
of science.
4. Promotion of cultural science.
Cultural science must be respected as its sound development is the prelude to the
reconstruction of a cultured nation.
5. Foundation of scientific education.
School hours must be shortened to give students enough time to study and experiment
by themselves. Each school must establish
its own methods for educating and unified method of education must be avoided.
6. Examinations.
In entrance examinations, for instance, the authorities should place emphasis not
on memory or previously acquired knowledge
but on the ability of the student to approach problems from a scientific viewpoint.
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SOCIAL SERIES: 48 (Continued)
ITEM 3 (Continued)
7. Reform of scientific education in girls' schools.
This may be accomplished by doing away with the former attitude of indifference and
raising the level of these schools to that
of the middle schools.
8. Establishment of combined science classrooms.
To cope with the scarcity of teaching materials and facilities, local scientific
museums must be established and utilized as
joint scientific classrooms.
9. Re-education of teachers.
To raise the lowered standards of teachers, special facilities for their re-education
must be established in addition to
existing educational institutions. To improve the training for teachers, solicitation
of superior teachers and reform of
normal school educational methods are urgently required.
ITEM 4 The New Trend toward Student Strikes - Tokyo Shimbun - 27 Nov 45. Translator. K. Miyazaki.
Full Translation:
Since the war, students strikes have been occurring frequently their causes and conditions
gradually becoming practical and
intellectual rather than emotional. The strikes occurring immediately after the war
demanded investigations into school
management and retirement of principals and certain professors, but those were solved
by the order from General Headquarters,
demanding that militarists be removed from educational work and replaced by democratic
educators. But other problems such as
the management of HOSEI university and the matter of the students union at NIPPON
medical university are arising. These aim at
student participation in governing the school. We do not look upon these with favour,
but the desire of students participate
in school management is apparent. The following is a statement by the Board of Education
in regard to this matter.
We are very much concerned with the student strikes but understand that it would
be bettor to leave matters to the schools
themselves. However if the case cannot be settled by the Board of Educators, we will
gladly offer our assistance. We hope that
students will make wide use of the Educational Information Bureau, which was established
on 21 November. We feel the need for
action in the cases, presented by Hosei and Nippon universities, demanding student
participation in school management. We want
every student to have enough pride to leave a school if he finds out that the school
is poorly managed or different from that
which he expected. At present many problems arise because there are no spiritual or
practicalities between schools and
students. However, we cannot agree with the idea of student management of schools.
ITEM 5 Text Book Bureau Chief Punished - Asahi Shimbun - 28 Nov 45.
Full Translation:
In accordance with the principle of establishing a new official way, that is, regarding
the good and punishing the bad, the
Education Ministry has decided to punish Mr. Arimitsu, Jiro director of the Text-Book
Bureau of the Ministry for negligence of
his duties with the confiscation of one month's salary. The matter obtained the approval
of the Cabinet meeting yesterday and
it will be announced in the Official Gazette tomorrow.
- 3 -
SOCIAL SERIES: 48 (Continued)
ITEM 5 (Continued)
On November 10 the MacArthur Headquarters issued a directive ordering the suspension
of the printing of copies of the school
text books now in use but this order was not obeyed in full.
On 16 November while several of the MacARTHUR Headquarters visited the TOKYO Book
Company under the guidance of members of the
Text-Book Bureau, the former discovered that prohibited text-books still were being
printed and pointed it out. The Ministry
of Education found it necessary to clarify the responsibility voluntarily and decided
to punish the bureau chief. This is the
first time an official of CHOKUNIN rank should be .punished on a matter pertaining
to routine affairs.
ITEM 6 YOKOHAMA Consumers Cooperative - Association - Tokyo Shimbun - 28 Nov 45. Translator: T. Ogawa.
Summary:
A large scale Consumers' Cooperative Association is being planned by the YOKOHAMA
municipal authorities in an attempt to
establish a new organ to deal with the collection and distribution of perishable foods.
The aim of this project is to protect
the citizens' livelihood, which has been menaced by soaring prices and unequal distribution
of foods since the Government's
official prices were lifted.
The co-operative will handle the purchasing of foodstuffs from the producing districts
as well as their distribution to the
ultimate consumers, by co-operating with the central wholesale market.
The membership of this association will include all citizens. There will be a membership-fee
of 20 sen per person per month.
The city will contribute 50,000 yen as a subsidy, thus the fund of the association
will amount to 170,000 yen. The
Headquarters will be located in the municipal office, and every Ward Head will be
a branch manager.
ITEM 7 KOREAN School opened in TSUCHIURA - Mainichi Shimbun - 29 Nov 45. Translator: M. Ono.
Full Translation:
The prefectural Headquarters of the Korean's League in JAPAN (Nippon Zaijyu Chosenjin
Renmei Ken Honbu), setting up its office
at TSUCHIURA city, was permitted to establish tie Korean's school (CHOSEN GAEKO) for
Korean pupils only in the city of
Tsuchiura by the Supreme Headquarters, They will teach the Korean language and many
other things necessary for the people of
tie independent state.
ITEM 8 Increase of Buyers in the Country Continues inspite of new ration system - Asahi Shimbun - 29 Nov 45. Translator: K. Miyazaki.
Full Translation:
Confusion resulting from the increase in numbers of buyers since the free trade of
fish and vegetables is reported on the
SHOSEN, SOBU, KEISEI, TOB TOJO and KEIO railways. There is no change in the numbers
of passengers TOBU, TOJO, KEIO railways
and a 12 percent increase on the government railways and the SOBU, KEISEI railways.
The amount of baggage carried in the
passengers' car has decreased since a checking system was instituted now it amounts
to only 3 or 4 kans per person. Probably
it is because the prices in the country have gone up and people who used to go toward
IIYAMA now go toward NARITTA.
- 4 -
SOCIAL SERIES: 48 (Continued)
ITEM 8 (Continued)
The reason for the increase of buyers is that despite the fact that free trade is
allowed the prices in the city are too
expensive for ordinary people; so they go to the country in order to purchase goods
cheaper in spite of all the trouble they
nave to go through.
DISTRIBUTION "X"
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